NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS APR 30 2018

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

ROBERT ALVARADO, No. 15-55952

Plaintiff, D.C. No. 2:14-cv-05632-PSG-VBK and

JEFFREY ANDERSON; RUDY MEMORANDUM*

BARRIGAN; KEITH BERTONNEAU;

JAMES BROWN; PETER BUENO;

ANDREW BUESA; GEORGE BUSH II;

TIMOTHY COLOMEY; DAVID CORBET;

RUBEN DE LA TORRE; REBECCA

GALLEGOS; ROBERT GALLEGOS;

MICHAEL GANNON; ULYSSES GASCA;

ALAN GILMER; MICHAEL GLENN;

ANTHONY GONZALES; ROBERT

GUYER; LOMA HOLLAND; LYLE

KNIGHT; LORI LEE; KEVIN LOVE;

NICHOLAS MILAZZO; KURT MILES;

JONATHAN MILLER; JAMES MOODY;

KI NAM; JOSEPH O'DONNELL; ALAN

RAMIREZ; JESSE REYES; RANDY

RICO; RAY RODRIGUEZ; DOUGLAS

ROLLER; LISA RUEGG; TERRY

RUPPEL; CATHERINE RYMSZA-LEON;

JOHNNY SANCHEZ; SUCHA SINGH, Jr.;

AARON SKIVE; MICHAEL SLEDD;

TANZA SMALLS; SANDRA SMITH;

RONALD STAMPS; STEVEN STEAR;

LANE STERLING; JOHN STIEGLITZ;

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

JOHN THOMAS; GERALD TOMIC;

TONY TRUS; OMAR VELOZ; RICHARD

WAAK; CHRISTOPHER WALTER;

DIONNE WATTS; MICHAEL

WILLIAMSON; ERIC WINDHAM;

PHILLIP WRIGHT,

Plaintiffs-Appellants,

v.

CITY OF LOS ANGELES,

Defendant-Appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California Philip S. Gutierrez, District Judge, Presiding

JASON ABNER, No. 15-55955

Plaintiff, D.C. No. 2:14-cv-05655-PA-MRW and

EDWARD ACOSTA; LUIS ALVARADO;

VICTOR ALVAREZ; MICHAEL

ARTEAGA; ALEXANDER BAUTISTA;

ROBERT BISHOP; THOMAS

BOJORQUEZ; SHANE BUA; JOHN

CAMPOS; JUAN CAMPOS; FRANCISCO

CARRILLO; CLAUDIA CASTRUITA;

TOM CHAVEZ; JAMES CHONG; STEVE

CHUNG; KIMBERLY CISCO; CHARLES

CLAEYS; DIMITRIUS CONNOR;

DIOSDADO CORONEL; HENRY

COVARRUBIAS; LARRY COVINGTON;

CARLOS DIAZ; REGGIE DICKERSON;

2

OSCAR DUENAS; AMIE EL FARRA;

CARLOS ESCOBAR; FERDINAND

FAUSTINO, Jr.; MICHAEL FIELDS;

TONY FITZSIMMONS; MARTIN

FRANCO; MICHAEL FRIESENHAHN;

ALEJANDRO GALVAN; FRANK

GARCIA; RANDY GARCIA;

MAGDALENO GOMEZ; ALBERT

GONZALES; CLAUDIA GRAY; VICTOR

GUTIERREZ; SEAN HART; PAUL

HENDRY; DAVID HERNANDEZ;

TERESA HERNANDEZ; MARK

HUBERT; SAMER ISSA; JORGE

JUAREZ; BRIAN KOREN; STEVEN

KOTSINADELIS; R. MAGGIE LUQUIN;

JAMES MARTINEZ; JOSEPH

MCDOWELL; HEATHER MCLEAN;

JOSE MIRELES; JAMES MUNIZ; RYAN

NGUYEN; VICTOR NUNEZ; CARLOS

OCEGUEDA; SAL OGAZ, Jr.; ISAIAS

ORNELAS; ALFRED PASOS; MARTIN

PERELLO; JOSE PEREZ; RICHARD

PLATZER, Jr.; RICHARD RAMOS; CHRISTOPHER RAZO; JOSE REYES, Jr.;

ALFREDO RODRIGUEZ; IRIS SANTIN;

EDAN SHEKLOW; EDDIE SOLOMON;

GREGORY STAATS; JUSTIN STEWART;

CHARLES SURH; DARIUS TRUGMAN;

HECTOR URENA; LILIA VELASCO;

MATTHEW VOCKE; KEITH

WASHINGTON; BART WITHEROW;

EDMOND YAGUBYAN; CLIFTON

YAMAMOTO; PHILIP ZALBA;

EDWARD ZAMORA; SANDRA

ZAMORA; CARLOS ZARAGOZA;

MATTHEW ZEIGLER,

Plaintiffs-Appellants, Defendant-Appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California Percy Anderson, District Judge, Presiding

MEGHAN AGUILAR, No. 15-55956

Plaintiff, D.C. No. 2:14-cv-05644-R-AJW and

TEDDY AMSTONE; SANG AN; TERESA

ANDERSON; JOSE ARELLANO; JUAN

ARENAS; MARIO ARRIZON; JOSEPH

AVILA; RUBEN BANUELOS; TERRY

BARCLAY; MICHAEL BARZ; WILLIAM

BATISTA; CYNTHIA BELLO; RYAN

BELLOWS; JULIO BENAVIDES;

RONALD BERDIN; LANCE BLAKE;

GINA BRACHT; DANIEL CALDERON;

JORGE CERVANTES; JAIME CHACON;

TODD CHANEY; ENRIQUE CHAVEZ;

RICHARD COMPTON; EFRAIN

CONTRERAS; MIGUEL CONTRERAS;

MARTY COTWRIGHT; RAQUEL CRUZ;

ROBERT DEAMER; EMILY DELPH;

FRANCISCO DIAZ, Sr.; CHARLES

DICKINSON; JOSEPH DOMINGUEZ;

VALENTINE FLORES; TIM GALLI;

ALFRED GARCIA; LISA GARCIA;

STEVE GARCIA; DANIEL GERSNA;

ADRIANA GONZALEZ; JAMES

GOODWIN; DANA GRANT; RONALD

4 GRAY, Administrative Law Judge; MARK

GRIEGO; OSCAR GUTIERREZ; IRSIE

HENRY; RANDY HOFFMASTER;

MICHAEL HOFMEYER; JENNIFER

HOWLETT; LUIS JURADO; DOUGLAS

KIRKLAND; JOHN KNIGHTON; LAURO

LARRINUA; CESAR LEAL; DOUGLAS

LONG; DEBBIE LOPEZ; ANDRES

LUGO; PEDRO MACHUCA; EDWARD

MACIEL, Jr.; LEONARDO MCKENZIE;

SEAN MEADE; IGNACIO MIJARES;

BILL MILLER; PAUL MILLER;

MICHAEL MITCHELL; MARIA

MONTOYA; BRENDA MORALES;

HUGH O'GARA; JOSEPH OSEGURA;

ROBERT PATERSON; EDWARD

PETTEREZ; RUBEN QUINTANAR;

STEVEN RALPH; MANUEL RAMIREZ;

MARK REED; JOHN RICHARDSON;

MICHAEL RICHARDSON; MICHAEL

RIMKUNAS; MICHAEL RIPPE;

EDWARD ROCHA; ROCAEL

RODRIGUEZ; JOEL RUIZ; ROBERT

RUIZ; ANTHONY SAENZ; DIANA

SALCIDO; PAUL SANFILLIPPO; JOSE

SANTIAGO; CARLOS SAVEDRA;

CLAIRE SMITH; MICHAEL SMITH;

ERIC SPEAR; CHARLES SPICER III;

JEFFREY STAPLETON; CHRISTIAN

URBINA; JAMES VENA; SHARLTON

WAMPLER; MARK MASCARENO;

GLORIA WOOD; CHARLES WUNDER;

JAMES ZOUREK,

Plaintiffs-Appellants,

v.

CITY OF LOS ANGELES,

5 Defendant-Appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California Manuel L. Real, District Judge, Presiding

FREDDIE ACKERLEY, No. 15-55957

Plaintiff, D.C. No. 2:14-cv-05654-JAK-JPR and

RICHARD ACOSTA; ROBERT

ANDRENO; MANUEL ARZATE; WENDI

BERNDT; STEVEN BEUMER; JAVIER

BORREGO; ROBERT BROPHY;

STEPHEN BUCHER; ALMA BURKE;

HOWARD CHOY; JOHN COLLYER;

VINCENT DEGLINNOCENTI; MICHAEL

DIAZ; JOHN DOWNEY; KENNITH

FERRO; TRACYE FIELDS; GARRETT

FITZGERALD; WILLIAM FLANNERY;

CHRISTOPHER FORMBY; ANTONINO

GIAMBRUNO; CYNTHIA GOMEZ;

GERARDO GUTIERREZ; DAVID

HABIBI; SHAWN HAVICAN; JAMES

HAYS, Jr.; GEORGE HOOPES; LAMONT

JERRETT; MARK JOHNSON; MYRA

KELLUM; DONOVAN LYONS;

CATHERINE MASSEY; JAMES

MCSORLEY; ANGELEAN MONTERO;

GERARDO MORALES; RAMON MUNIZ;

MIKE NELSON; ANTHONY OCHOA;

ELPIDIO OROZCO; JERRY PADILLA;

JOHN PADILLA; LEWIS PARKER;

JOSEPH PELAYO; REYNALDO PEREZ,

Jr.; BRIAN PRESTON; STEVEN

6

RAMIREZ; SHEILA RIZZOLO;

HOWARD SILVERSTEIN; MAGE

SIMERSKEY; THOMAS SMALL;

CINTHIA TAPIA; FRED TREDY; JIM

TUMBEIRO; ROBERT VARGAS;

PAMELA VENTURA; WALTER WILLIS;

BILL WILSON; JASON WITT; JOEY

YANEZ; RENE ZAVALA,

Plaintiffs-Appellants,

v.

CITY OF LOS ANGELES,

Defendant-Appellee.

ANTHONY ACEVES, No. 15-55958

Plaintiff, D.C. No. 2:14-cv-05678-JAK-CW and

CRAIG ADAMS; FELICIA BAILEY;

KENNETH BARTNICKI; JAMES

BLAND; JULIE BROWNE; JULIAN

CANALES; JOSE CASTELLANOS;

JAMES CHONG; ROSALYN CLARK;

CRYSTAL N. DAVIS; CRYSTAL NOVA

DAVIS; JOYCE DAVIS; JORGE DE

JESUS III; TRAVONNE DIXON;

CHRISTY DONOROVICH O'DONNELL;

LISA DURAN; GILBERT ESCONTRIAS;

STACIE FRENCH; DANIEL GARCIA;

RICHARD GARIBAY; STEPHEN

GORDON; PATRICIA GUESSFERD;

JOEL HERNANDEZ; EMERSON

HOLDER; FRANCISCO HURTADO;

7

JASON JACOBSON; MICHAEL

JOLICOEUR; ROBIN JONES; MICHAEL

KARATSONYI; HO KIM; KENT LAU;

CELIA KOMATHY; RICHARD

LARIMER; ROBERT LEWIS; CLANCY

MAIHORI; GUS MARTINEZ; RICHARD

MELENDEZ; HENRY MENDOZA;

RODERICK MILLER; STEVE MORRIS;

MARIA MORRISON; GREGORY

NICHOLS; ADAM NIEBERGALL;

DARYL ORDONE; JOHN

PASQUARIELLO; YVETTE PERRODIN;

ADRIANNA PRADO; LASHAWNA

PUGH; DANIEL PUTZ; THOMAS

RALPH; TED REYLAND; DOUGLAS

ROACH; RICHARD RUSSELL; JAMES

SANDS; SALLY SANTAMARIA; JOSEPH

SATOW; ROSIBEL SMITH; LINDA

THOMPSON; KYLE TOLLIVER;

MICHAEL TOLMAIRE; MANUEL

VIDES; SHAWNTRICE WATKINS;

FELICIANO WILSON; LAURA

WINDSOR; AMY WONG; ANTHONY

VILARDO; MARIA YAMAMOTO;

DIANA ZAMORA,

Plaintiffs-Appellants,

v.

CITY OF LOS ANGELES,

Defendant-Appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California John A. Kronstadt, District Judge, Presiding

8 FRANK AMADOR, Jr., No. 15-55959

Plaintiff, D.C. No. 2:14-cv-05671-R-AJW and

MAURICE BRUNEL; WALLACE CARR;

CHRISTIAN CHRISTENSEN; JOSEPH

CIANCANELLI; JEFFREY COLLADO;

MARLO CROSS; GARY CUSICK;

PATRICK DELANEY; NGUYEN DO;

TINA GLENN; STEVEN GROSS;

MAURICE HALLAUER; EDWARD

HEREDIA; MARK HERNANDEZ; GARY

HOLBROOK; CHARLES HOWARD;

MICHAEL KILPATRICK; EDWARD

KIM; STEPHANIE KRAJCHIR; TERESA

LINCOLN; HECTOR LOMELIN; JOHN

LONG; JAMES MACDONALD; DAVID

MORALES; MICHELL NOWLEN;

JOHNY ONYSHKO, Jr.; ROBERT

ORLANDO; GREGORY OWENS;

JEFFREY PAILET; JOHN POLAND;

MARK PRECIADO; DANIEL PUTNAM;

ENGELBERT QUECHENBERGER;

NICHOLAS TITIRIGG; JORGE TORRES;

ALAN THATCHER; JOHN VACH, Jr.;

PHIL WALTERS; DALE WASHBURN;

BRIAN WILSON; WILLIAM YOUNG;

JEREMY YAMAMOTO,

Plaintiffs-Appellants,

v.

CITY OF LOS ANGELES,

Defendant-Appellee.

9 TROY ABORDO, No. 15-55960

Plaintiff, D.C. No. 2:14-cv-05640-R-AJW and

RICHARD ADAIR; STEVEN BISHOP;

TIMOTHY BOHAC; OSMUND

BOUILGNY; DARRYL BROWN; JAMES

CLIFFORD; JOHN COFFEY; CASEY

COX; KAREN CRAWFORD; DANIEL

DAVIS; AJ DE BELLIS; VICTORIA DE

BELLIS; SPREE DESHA; BERZON

DISTOR; SERGIO DRIOTEZ; CARLOS

FIGUEIRA; KELENE GIBSON; CESAR

GONZALEZ; RYAN ICAGAN; SUSAN

INVERNO; BILLY JOE; WILLIAM

LANTZ; THOMAS LEE; GEORGE

LEONARD; RICHARD LOKEN; RAMON

MARTINEZ; SCOTT MOFFITT; PABLO

MONTERROSA; RAYMONA MOUSSA;

OSWALDO PEDEMONTE; RICHARD

PEREZ; ROGER PEREZ; PAUL

RICCHIAZZI; DAVID RODRIGUEZ;

RICK ROY; PAUL RUMER; TIMOTHY

TULLY SCOTT I; JOHN SMITH; MARK

STRATTON; ANTONIO VARGAS;

ROBERT VILLALOBOS; NEIL WANK;

RICKY WEBB,

Plaintiffs-Appellants,

v.

CITY OF LOS ANGELES,

Defendant-Appellee.

10 TYRONE ACOSTA, No. 15-55962

Plaintiff, D.C. No. 2:14-cv-05641-R-AJW and

MIGUEL AGUAYO; ROBERT AGUILAR;

VINCENT AGUIRRE; CRAIG ALLEN;

ADAM ALTAMMIRANO; FERNANDO

ALVAREZ; RALPH ALVAREZ; MIGUEL

ARAMBULA; LEONARD AVILA;

MARIAN BAUSELY; MICHAEL

BELMONTE; RIGO BONILLA; BARRY

BOTTAI; INGE BOWMAN; RALPH

CAMARILLO; DANIEL CAMPBELL;

MARK CAMPBELL; GIL CARDINEZ;

SANDRA CARLISLE; JOHN CASTILLO;

FEDERICO CELIS; JOHN CHILSTROM;

JIN CHO; ALFONSO CISNEROS; HENRY

COLEBROOKE; JOSE CONTRERAS; VIC

CORELLA; ROBERT COSNER; KRIS

DAVIS; JOSE DE LEON; LUIS

DELACRUZ; ALFREDO DELGADO;

BLANCA DESORMAUX; EDDIE DIAZ;

JOSEPH DUDAS; ROBERT DUKE;

CORINNE ERNST; GISSELLE

ESPINOZA; DONALD ESTRADA; JOSE

FERRERIA; JEREMY FINK; PAUL

FLOGE; MICHAEL P. FLYNN; MICHAEL

R. FLYNN; AARON FOUGERE;

RANDOLPH FUKUI; RAYMOND

GALLUCCIO; ELMER GIBSON; ALICIA

GILMER; ROBERT GOLDEN; MICHAEL

GOMEZ; FIDEL GONZALEZ; JENNIFER

GRASSO; CHRISTOPHER GREEN, Jr.;

STEVEN GRIMMER; ANGEL GUERRA;

RAY GUERRERO; CESAR GUITNON;

ROSALINDA GUTIERREZ; RAY

HALLENBECK; MICHAEL HILL; PETER

11

HOPKINS; JOSE HURTADO; MARTHA

JAIME; JESSE JAMES; RICKY

JOHNSON; DANNY JONES; STANLEY

KANE; WILLIAM KIPP; DAVID KONG;

DAVID KRUMER; HERMAN LANDRY,

Sr.; GARY LEFFEW; JAMES LENOUE;

JERRY LIGGETT; HIPOLITO

LIZARRAGA; THOMAS LO; RICHARD

LOCKETT; RUSSELL LONG; ROBERT

LOPEZ; MICHAEL LORENZ;

CHRISTOPHER LUNA; FRANCISCO

MACIAS; GERARDO MADERA; BRIAN

MALNERITCH; JOSEPHINE MAPSON;

AUGUSTO MARIANO; ROBERT

MARTIN; JIMMY MARTINEZ; DAWN-

AMBER MCCALLUM; VICTOR

MEDRANO; GEORGE MEJIA; GINA

MEZA; JAVIER MONTENEGRO;

MICHAEL MORALES; TIMOTHY

MORRIS; ERNESTO MUNOZ;

ALEJANDRO NAVA; DAVID NUNEZ;

LEROI O'BRIEN; MARIO ONTIVEROS, Jr.; DAVID ORTIZ; GREGORY ORTIZ;

KAREN OWENS; MARIO PARRILLO;

CHRISTOPHER PATERSON; SCARLETT

PATERSON; NEAL PETERSON;

CLINTON POPHAM II; ERI POSS;

ALEXANDER POZO; JAMES QUINLAN;

CARLOS QUINTERO; JEFF QUINTON;

ROGELIO RAMIREZ; MARIO RAMIREZ,

Jr.; ABE RANGEL; JOHN RAY; JAMES

REDMAN; UNNEYUNG REE; JOHN

RICE; DAVID RIDDICK; BERNICE

RIVERA; RAYMOND ROBINSON; JUAN

RODRIGUEZ; RAUL RODRIGUEZ;

IGNACIO ROJAS; DAVID ROMERO;

JOHN ROYSDEN; MATTHEW SAENZ;

JOSE SALCEDO; PETER SANCHEZ;

JUAN SANTOS; ERNIE SCHOOP;

12

MICHAEL SEGUIN; HENRY SERVIN;

KERRY SUPRENANT; ROBERT

TAKANASHI; RICHARD TAMEZ;

DAVID TAVIZON; MIGUEL TERRAZAS;

WILLARD THOMASON; MICHAEL

VALENCIA; PAUL VALENCIA;

KENNETH VAN HOOSER II; PETER

VASQUEZ, Jr.; ALEXANDER

VILLALPANDO; MARCO

VILLANUEVA; IVAN VINTIMILLA;

WALLACE WALL; ROGER WATSON;

SHELDON WILLIAMS; FRED

YAMAMOTO; KRISTEN YEAGER;

MANUEL ZAPATA; JASON ZAPATKA;

DALE ZIESMER,

Plaintiffs-Appellants,

KEVIN STUDY,

Appellant,

v.

CITY OF LOS ANGELES,

Defendant-Appellee.

RICARDO ACOSTA, No. 15-55964

Plaintiff, D.C. No. 2:14-cv-05690-R-AJW and

JOSEPH ADRAGNA; ALFONSO

ALFARO; CHRISTOPHER ALLEN;

JAMES MARK ARENAS; SAMUEL

ARNOLD; DAVID ASHLEY; JOHN

13

AYALA; MATTHEW BAKOTICH; BRET

BANACHOWSKI; SONIA BANUELOS;

MICHAEL BARRIOS; MORRIS BATTS;

THOMAS BERGREN; LOLITA

BERMUDEZ; ROBERT BERMUDEZ;

LUIS BONILLA; DEL BOURGEOIS; TIM

BRANLEY; JEROME CALHOUN; JOHN

CALZADA; CHRISTOPHER

CAMPAGNA; ROBERT CANIZALES;

ANDRES CARDENAS; RUBEN

CARDENAS; RICHARD CARNEY;

MEDRARDO CARRANZA; JAMES

CARROLL; MATTHEW CASALICCHIO;

MICHAEL CHAPMAN; MARK RENE

CHAVEZ; MARK CLEARY; PAUL

CLEMENTS; ELVA COATS; ROBERT

COATS; ANTHONY COLE; ISMAEL

CONTRERAS; DAVID CRAIG; ERIC

CROSSON; JUAN CRUZ; MARIO

CUBILLO; MARYANN CULPEPPER;

MATTHEW CUNDIFF; KEITH DAVIS;

JAMAL DAWOULDI; SALVATORE DE

BELLA; GREGORIO DE LA ROSA; JOSE

DELGADO; BRETT DEOLOVEIRA;

COREY DILLARD; ANDRE DIXON;

CHERI DOOLITTLE; WILLIAM DRIVER;

ARTHUR DURAN; CATHERINE

DURANT; MELVIN DURANT;

MICHAEL ESTRADA; JESSE ESTRADA,

Jr.; PAUL FEDYNICH; GARY FERRATO;

DOMINICK FUENTES; GILBERTO

GAXIOLA; RUDY GONZALEZ;

JONATHAN GOODE; ARTHUR GREIN;

STEVE GRIMES; RICHARD GUROLLA;

BENJAMIN GUTIERREZ; JORGE

GUTIERREZ; MIGUEL GUTIERREZ;

RICARDO GUTIERREZ; COREY

HARMON; JAMES HARPER; NICHOLAS

HARTMAN; VINCENT HENSON; JESUS

14

HERNANDEZ-SOTO; JOSE HERRERA;

GABRIEL HOLGUIN; ALICIA

HOLLENBACK; ARA HOLLENBACK;

TARRIEL HOPPER; KEITH HORECZKO;

CHARLES HOWARD; MARICELA

IBANEZ; TREVOR JACKSON; GREGG

JACOBUS; DAVID JAMIESON; LEE

JENSEN; BRIAN JOACHIMSTALER;

MICHAEL JOHNSON; HAL DEXTER

JONES; GUY JUNEAU; EDWARD

KELLOGG; JOHN KEY; CHRIS

KLIEVER; MIKA KUROIWA; TIMOTHY

LAI; JEANETTE LAWRENCE; STEVEN

LECOURS; RODOLFO LEMOS;

WILLIAM LIMTIACO; DANIEL LOGAN;

DALE LOPEZ; JAMES LOPEZ; WALTER

LOPEZ; DEBBIE LUKER; DAVID

MANNING; LOUIS MARIN; MARIA

MARQUEZ; CHRIS MARSHALL;

JEFFREY MARTIN; REBECCA MARTIN;

JOHN MARTINEZ; JORGE MARTINEZ;

JULIO MARTINEZ; MARTIN

MARTINEZ; DARRYL MCGREGGOR;

THEADORE MCHENRY; TIMOTHY

MCLAUGLIN; BEN MCPHEETERS;

CHRISTOPHER MCPHEETERS;

GORGONIO MEDINA, Jr.; CORY

MEISNER; ERIC MELENDEZ; DANNY

MENDEZ; RICHARD A. MENDOZA;

OWEN MILLS; RENE MINNICK;

GUILLERMO MIXER; FRANK

MONTELONGO; ADAM MOORE;

TYRONE MOORE; BRAD MOSSIE;

MICHAEL MUNJEKOVICH; VICKIE

LYN NGUYEN; BRADLEY NIELSON;

CHRISTOPHER NO; SCOTT OGATA;

TIM O'GORMAN; ROBERT OLMOS;

JOSE PADILLA; ANDREW PAREDES;

JUAN PAZ; JULIA PEAT; BRIAN PEEL;

15

JEFFREY PELCZAR; KEVIN PIERCE;

ARNOLD PORTER; MARK

PRAVONGVIENGKHAM; MARLON

PRODIGALIDAD; MICHAEL PYTEL;

EDGAR RAMOS; OSBALDO RAMOS;

DAVID REDD; THOMAS REDSHAW;

KYLE REMOLINO; JOSHUA RIGGS;

ENRIQUE ROBLEDO; RICK RODGERS;

RACHEL RODRIGUEZ; BOBBY ROMO;

ALFREDO ROSALES; DAVE ROSS;

NICHOLAS ROTHENMICH; JANE

RUSSOM; STEVE SAINZ; ANGEL

SAMBRANO; JEFFREY SANDWELL;

DARREN SCIRA; NELSON SCROGGINS;

DENNIS SHAW; MICHAEL SHEA;

STEVEN SIEKER; ROBERT SMEY;

ERNEST SPARKMAN; JAMES STOA;

DANIEL SUAREZ; ART TALAMANTE;

ANTHONY TEJADA; DAVID TELLO;

OFELIA TELLO; MARC TESSIER;

MICHELLE THOMAS; KURT

THURSTON; STEPHANIE TULLER;

STEPHEN UNDERWOOD; JEFFREY

VACH; CARLOS VALDEZ; JAVIER

VARGAS; RUBEN VEGA; STEVE VERA;

GARY VERGE; ALDWIN VICENCIO;

PAUL VON LUTZOW; ANGIE

WHETSTONE; THOMAS WILLERS;

FRED WILLIAMS; DOREEN WILSON;

STEPHEN WILSON; ANDRE WRIGHT;

TIMOTHY WUNDERLICH; ARTURO

YANEZ; STEVEN ZABY; RAMON

ZEPEDA,

Plaintiffs-Appellants,

v.

CITY OF LOS ANGELES,

16 Defendant-Appellee.

RUBEN ARELLANO, No. 15-55965

Plaintiff, D.C. No. 2:14-cv-05638-R-AJW and

EVANURY AROCHO; SAMUEL

BRIGGS; ROBERT CASIMIRO;

KAROLIN CLARK; PHILIP CLARK;

EFREN CORRAC; CHAD COSTELLO;

THERESA COYLE; ROBERT CRUPI;

ANGEL DOMENECH; TELLY

EPPERSON; ERNEST ESKRIDGE;

BENEDICT FERNANDES; TRASIA

FIGUEIRA; JOHN GOMPERZ; ENRIQUE

GUTIERREZ; RUBEN GUTIERREZ;

JENNIFER HAMMER; SIDNEY

HODGES; RICHARD KRYNSKY;

CARLOS LOZANO; MATTHEW

MAGSADIA; ANTONIO MARTIN;

PHILLIP MILLER; PERRY MOORE;

JEFFREY MULHEIM; SCOTT

MURACHVER; GARY NANSON;

SEASON NUNEZ; ERIC OBRECHT;

MICHAEL PARIS; MARC POOLER;

BRIAN REYNOLDS; JULIE

RODRIGUEZ; PHILIP RUIZ; KANDIS

SCHMIDT; GEORGE SELLEH; KATHY

SIMPSON; ESTHER VASQUEZ; DEAN

WATTS; PAUL WAYMIRE,

Plaintiffs-Appellants,

v.

17

CITY OF LOS ANGELES,

Defendant-Appellee.

EFREN ACOSTA, No. 15-55966

Plaintiff, D.C. No. 2:14-cv-05682-R-AJW and

PETER ACOSTA; RENE ACOSTA; TONY

ADLER; ARTHUR ANTONIO; JORGE

ARELLANO; ALEJANDRO

ARREDONDO; RICHARD ASKEW;

SIAMONE BANGPHRAXAY; CYNTHIA

BARLOW; KARL BARNHART;

PATRICK BEIGHLEY; PEDRO

BENAVIDES; DAVID BENIOFF; JOHN

BIGRIGG; CHRISTOPHER

BLANKENSHIP; ALAN BONE;

JEFFEREY BOOKER; GEORGE

BOWENS, Jr.; MARVIN BRENT;

CHIQUITA BROWN; RICKY BROWN;

CHRISTINE BULICZ; KENNETH

BUSCARINO; TODD CARPENTER;

PHILLIP CARR; SAUL CARRILLO;

OSVALDO CASTILLO; VIRGIL

CASTOR; ANGELO CASTRO; GEORGE

CASTRO; ANGEL CERVANTES;

HOWARD CHAN; KEVIN CHAPPLE;

DAVID CHUNG; CHRISTOPHER

CLARK; DENNIS CLIFFORD; PEDRO

CORDERO, Jr.; RANDALL CORDOBES;

KEVIN COTTER; HURLEY CRINER;

ANDRES CRUZ; TIMOTHY DACUS;

DEWAYNE DAVIS; FRANCISCO

DOMINGUEZ; JEREMY DUNCAN;

TONY EUYOQUE; NATHAN EWERT;

18

VICTOR FAIN; MATTHEW FLEMING;

ALFREDO FLORES; ROBERT FULLER;

BRIAN GAN; JOHN GIDOWSKI;

MICHAEL GOLDSTEIN; TOM GRACEY;

DANIEL GREGG; GREGORY

HANCOCK; WILLIAM HEIDER; ALAN

HENRY; HILTON HENRY; ELVIS

HERNANDEZ; RAMON HERNANDEZ;

CHRISTINA HIGUERA; SHAUN

HOLGUIN; KEVIN HOLLAND;

ALEJANDRO IZQUIERDO; SALVADOR

JARAMILLO; RAY JETER; BRENT

JOHNSON; LARRY JOHNSON;

LEONARD JOHNSON; RUSSELL KILBY;

JOHN KIM; JOSHUA KIM; TAI KINGI;

ROLF KNUTH; SCOTT KOEGEL;

ALEXANDER KORDIS; MICHEL

KOZAK; CHRISTOPHER KUNZ;

ANTONINO LACUNZA; LEN LAI;

PETER LANDELIUS; JOHN

LAWRENCE; THOMAS LEE; DENNY

LEOPOLDO; DONALD LINFIELD;

JOANNA LINFIELD; ANDRE LOUIS;

SUZANNA LOWRY; JERRY LUCIO;

RICHARD LUSKLEET; PETER MAH;

ALMA MARK; CRAIG MARKEL; ADAM

MATKOWSKY; GEORGE MCNEILL;

GARRY MCQUEEN; DANIEL

MENDOZA; DEMETRIO MENDOZA;

CARLOS MERCADO; JAMES MILLER;

DON MONTELIBANO; WILL MUNOZ;

DENNIS NELSON; DANH NGO;

MITCHELL NORLING; PATRICK

O'DEA; DOUGLAS PANAMENO; ALAN

PARRA; MICHAEL PAULEY;

ANTHONY PEREZ; MURRELL

PETTWAY; JOSEPH PEYTON; DAVID

PODESTA; WILLIAM PROCTOR;

TYRONE RAGLAND; RAUL RAMOS;

19

STEPHEN REDD; ANTHONY REITZ;

ALEXANDER RODRIGUEZ; ROBERT

RODRIGUEZ; TIMOTHY ROLSEN;

GARY ROSS; ANDREW ROWE; GARY

SALES; LORI SANCHEZ; JOSHUA

SEWELL; JERRY SIEL; SUNTI

SINGHANATE; DEREK SLEDGE;

ORLANDO SMITH; PATRICK SMITH;

STEVEN SMITH; CHRISTOPHER

SMYTHE; GLORIA SNIPES; HEIDI

STOECKLEIN; VINCENT STROWAY;

ROBIAN TANGO; JOSEPH TAYLOR;

MICHAEL TOMELLOSO; EDUARDO

TRINIDAD; MARIE TUCKER;

GERARDO VASQUEZ; JAMES

WALLACE; RAY WEBB; RICHARD

WELLS; ROBERT WILLIAMSON;

MITCHEL WINDSOR; MERITA

WOODLE; DOUGLAS WORKMAN;

DAVID WREN; CHUN YIM; RANDY

YOSHIOKA; FRANK C. MONTELONGO,

Plaintiffs-Appellants,

v.

CITY OF LOS ANGELES,

Defendant-Appellee.

ROY AGBANAWAG, No. 15-55969

Plaintiff, D.C. No. 2:14-cv-05649-R-AJW and

MICHAEL AMADO; ERIC BIXLER;

ROBERT CHAVIRA; MATTHEW

20

CLYMER; JOHN COOK; LAURA COOK;

FRED DE LA CERDA; DANIEL DEL

VALLE; CYNTHIA DRAGUN; GABRIEL

FERRERAS; ISAAC GALVAN;

MAURICIO GARCIA; RANDALL

GARRETT; AMIE GUARDADO;

THOMAS GUSTAFSON; SPLENDORA

HADNOT-RICKS; MICHAEL HALL;

GINGER HARRISON; DIANE

HAWKING; MARIA HEISSEL; SUSAN

HEROLD; PATRICK HIGA; ELEANOR

HILL; ROBERT HOLCOMB; SAMNAL

HONG; DAVID JAVIER; ERIC

JOHNSON; CHARLES JOSEPH; JOHN

JUAREZ; MICHAEL JUDGE; TIMOTHY

KOHL; CRAIG KOJIMA; KENNETH

KUNTUZOS; KENNETH LEWIS;

ROBERT LUNA; DONALD MAGERS;

HOWARD MATHEWS; RENEE

MCALONIS; JOSUE MERIDA; ADRIAN

MOODY; IGNACIO MURILLO; MARIA

MURO; VINCENT NEGLIA; EMIGDIO

NERI; SCOTT NUNEZ; JAMES

ONTHANK, Jr.; MICHAEL PELLETIER;

NELSON RAMAYA; PATRICK

RIMKUNAS; LUIS RODARTE; GABE

RODRIGUEZ; LUIS SANTIAGO, Jr.;

RICHARD SAUER; ROBERT

SCHLESINGER; KIT STAJCAR; RYAN

VERNA; JASON WESLEY; LARRY

WRIGHT,

Plaintiffs-Appellants,

v.

CITY OF LOS ANGELES,

Defendant-Appellee.

21 MARK ARAGON, No. 15-55974

Plaintiff, D.C. No. 2:14-cv-05631-R-AJW and

ANTHONY ARES; CHERYL ARMOUR;

MICHAEL BELOUD; FELIPE

BENAVIDES, Jr.; RAYMOND BROKER;

PEDRO CABUNOC; LEONARD

DRAYTON; PETER DURHAM; DAVID

ESCOTO; MANUEL ESQUEDA; SCOTT

FAIRCHILD; RAPHAEL FERRER;

LESTER FREEMAN; LAURA

GERRITSEN; ROBERT GRANT III;

ROBERT HARRIS; PAUL HONG; TAREK

ISMAIL; MATT JACOBIK; CARLTON

JETER; ERIC JONES; CORINNE

MALINKA; DAVID MASCARENAS;

JAMIE MCBRIDE; CHRISTOPHER

MERRIN; JUSTIN MUDGETT; JOSEPH

NAPOLITANO; MIGUEL NUNEZ;

STEVE NUNEZ; ARLENE PADILLA;

DONTAE PHILLIPS; RUDY

QUINTANILLA; DANIEL ROBINSON;

KENNETH ROBINSON; GEORGE ROCK

IV; RODNEY RODRIGUEZ; DANIEL

SCHMIDT; JERAMIE SCHULZE; GIL

SERAFIN; MATTHEW STUART; DEREK

SYKES; VINCENT VICARI; LUKE

WALDEN; RICHARD WALL; ANGELA

WITTMAN; ERICK YEPES,

Plaintiffs-Appellants,

v.

CITY OF LOS ANGELES,

22 Defendant-Appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California Manuel L. Real, District Judge, Presiding

DINO ANGELO, No. 15-56324

Plaintiff, D.C. No. 2:14-cv-05696-RGK-JC and

WARNER CASTILLO; DAVID

DIMEGLIO; HUGO FANFASSIAN;

SHELLY GALLEGOS; LIFERNANDO

GARCIA; LEONARD PEREZ; DANNY

ROMAN; LISA WERNLI; WILLIAM

YARBROUGH; SCOTT BROWN;

THERESA STANFORD; ROBERT

VANINA,

Plaintiffs-Appellants,

v.

CITY OF LOS ANGELES,

Defendant-Appellee.

TERESA ALONZO, No. 15-56325

Plaintiff, D.C. No. 2:14-cv-05636-RGK-JPR and

PERRY ALVAREZ; JOHN AMMONS;

23

STEVEN ANGULO; RUDY AVELAR;

LEAH BAXTER; GARY BEAN; DAVID

BERUMEN, Jr.; CHARLES BLOMELEY;

JENNIFER BLOMELEY; ADRIANA

BRAVO; ELLEN CAMERON; JOHN

CARAVEO; LORNA CAVIN; BRUCE

COSS; SHAWN CRABBE; TONI

DIPAOLO; SCOTT ENGEDAL; TERESA

EVANS; MARIE FARRELL; VAOTUPUA

FEULA; SANDRA FUTAMI; BRYAN

GREGSON; ANDREA GROSSMAN;

DAVID HANCE; CHARLES HAWLEY;

JOHN HAYES; MARGARET HENRY;

TALYA HIGGS; JAROEN

HITANUKULKIT; JAMIE HOGG; ERIC

JOHNSON; DELANEY JONES; GERALD

LEGASPI; CARI LONG; OSCAR LOPEZ;

MARK MALDONADO; THOMAS

MALLOY; DAVID MARTINEZ; JULIE

MCLNNIS; LIAVAA MOEVAO; RAFAEL

MORA; LADOCE MORRIS; MATTHEW

MURRAY; STEPHEN MUSSO; SUZAN

NELSON; MALIGI NUA; BORIS OLIVA;

MARIA ORTA; JEREMY

PACIOKOWSKI; SONNY

PATSENHANN; CRISELDA PEDRO;

ROGELIO PEREZ; SALLYAN

PROCACCINI; BRENT RIEDERICH;

ANDREA SANFILLIPPO; DANNY SHRY;

ALMA SKEFICH; BRENT SMITH;

PATRICIA STROUT; NICHOLAS

SYSAK; SCOTT THIELMAN; MARIA

TIPPET; CLEMENT TOSCANO; JOHN

URBAN; DANIEL VASQUEZ; GERARDO

VELASCO; EDWARD VIDAILLET;

MICHAEL VILLAREAL; CHRISTIAN

WECKER; EDWARD YOON; WILLIAM

YOUNG; ANTONIO ZAMORA; TROY

ZEEMAN,

24 Plaintiffs-Appellants,

v.

CITY OF LOS ANGELES,

Defendant-Appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California R. Gary Klausner, District Judge, Presiding

VICTOR ACEVEDO, No. 15-56899

Plaintiff, D.C. No. 2:14-cv-05661-GHK-PJW and

EVERARDO AMARAL; ANDREAS AN;

DANIEL ANDERSEN; MARK ARAGON;

FRANCISCO ARREDONDO; JUAN

ARROYO; JOHN AVALOS; KEITH

BACON; JOHN BANUELOS; JAY

BATSON; JESUS BAZAN; TODD

BEHRENS; ALBERT BERTIERE;

RICHARD BERTOLDO; GIOVANNI

BOCCANFUSO; MICHEL BONILLA;

TODD BRACHT; JASON BURCHAM;

JEFFREY BURNLEY; ROBERT

CALZADILLAS; BRIAN CAMPAGNA;

JOSE CARIAS; CESAR CHAVEZ; BRETT

CLARK; THOMAS CLEARY; WILLIAM

CORONA; JAMES CRAWFORD; OSSIE

CRENSHAW; EDWARD CROCKETT;

ANDRES CRUZ; EDGAR CRUZ; JOSEPH

CRUZ; JUAN CRUZ; MARIO CRUZ;

RAQUEL CRUZ; CHRISTOPHER

25

CURRY; LUCIEN DAIGLE; THOMAS

DAVOREN; RUDY DE LA FUENTE;

GREGORY DEBES; LUIS DELACRUZ;

OSVALDO DELGADILLO; WAYNE

DEVEY; ROBERT DONALDSON;

CELESTE DULA; MICHAEL DUNN;

AMIR ELFARRA; TANYA EPPENGER-

CAMPBELL; HECTOR ESPARZA; ABEL

ESTOPIN; AUSTIN FERNALD;

MICHAEL FERNANDEZ; MARIO

FLORES; ROGER FONTES; MICHAEL

FOX; ERIC FUKUTE; PATRICIA

FULLER; ERIN GABALDON; HEATHER

GAGEBY; DANIEL GARCIA; GRACE

GARCIA; RUBEN GARCIA; GABRIEL

GAXIOLA; JOSEPH GETHERALL;

GREGORY GLODERY; STEVEN

GOMEZ; JUAN GONZALEZ;

RIGOBERTO GONZALEZ; SEAN

GONZALEZ; MICHAEL GRAHAM;

STEVE GRIFFIN; DAVID GUITERMAN;

JORGE GUTIERREZ; JAMES HAGERTY;

HAROLD HALLIN; CHARLES

HALLIBURTON; DAVID HARRISON;

JOHN HATFIELD; DWAYNE HAYDEL;

ERIC HERMANN; NATHAN

HERNANDEZ; RYAN HICKS; PATRICK

HIGA; RHONDA HOWARD; ELBERT W.

HUGHES, Jr.; MARIO JACINTO;

GREGORY JACKS; MARK JACKSON;

PHILLIP JACKSON; HUMBERTO

JAIME; RUBEN JIMENEZ; MATTHEW

JONES; HAL JONES, Jr.; JAMES

KAISER; TIMOTHY KALKUS; ALLEN

KAMAL; JOHN KENT; MICHAEL

KNOKE; ALLAN KRISH; IRMA KRISH;

TRAVIS KUPKA; MITCHELL

LAMBDIN; SEAN LAULE; MARK LEE;

PAUL LEHMAN; JOAN LEUCK; JOHN

26 LICATA, Jr.; JOSEPH LINARES;

RAFAEL LOMELI; LETICIA LOPEZ;

DEANN MALTOS; MARVIN MANCIA;

RAYMOND MARQUEZ; JAMES

MARSHALL; DANIEL MARTIN;

MICHAEL MARTINEZ; RICHARD

MCCAULEY; DOUGLAS MCCOMBS;

ANGELA MCGEE; MICHAEL MCLANN;

CRAIG MCLAREN; TIMOTHY

MCRATH; JASON MEILLEUR; ALONSO

MENCHACA; MANFRED MERKENS;

STEPHEN MERRIN; MICHAEL

MIRACLE; BRYAN MIVELAZ; TRISHA

MIVELAZ; MARJAN MOBASSER;

ANDREW MOODY; CHARLES MOORE;

ALBERT MORA; JOSEPH MUELLER;

ABEL MUNOZ; ALVARO NAVARRO;

JOANNA NEEDHAM; BRUCE NELSON;

MINH NGUYEN; JAMES NOSS; DAVID

NUNN; RICHARD OKE; LEONARDO

OLEA; RICARDO OLIVA; ADAM

O'NEILL; OSCAR ONTIVEROS;

MICHAEL OPPELT; DONALD

ORNELAS; ANTHONY ORTIZ;

MONILACKTENA OUAHDI; DANA

OVIATT; YOUNG PAK; ROSEANNE

PARINO; JUAN PEREIDA; EDUARDO

PEREZ; LEE PERRY; DAVID

PETERSEN; JOSEPH POLLACK; RAUL

PORRAS; RYAN POWELL; FRANK

PRECIADO; WARREN PULLEY; HUY

QUACH; JAMES QUINONES; ANTONIO

RAMIREZ; ROLAND RAMIREZ; PEDRO

REYES; ROBIN RICHARDS; PABLO

RIVERA; JACK III RIZZOTTO; ERWIN

ROCHA; RICK RODGERS; JOAQUIN

RODRIGUEZ, Jr.; HENRY ROMERO;

TIMOTHY RUIZ; MANUEL RUMION;

DAVID SABEDRA; DARRELL SANCHO;

27

ROGELIO SANDOVAL; DARRELL

SANOMO; BRAIN SCHMIDER;

MICHAEL SCHNEIDER; PAUL

SCIARRILLO, Jr.; DARYL SCOGGINS;

RUTHANN SCOTT; TERRI SCOTT;

ROCKY SHERWOOD; JOHN SHIN;

CESAR SILVA; DONALD SINGER;

ANTHONY SMITH; EUGENE SMITH;

KAREN SMITH; JESSE SOLTERO;

GREGORY SOUTHERN; FRANCINE

SPADA; JEFFREY SPANGLER; SVEN

STEFFENSEN; ANGELO STEWART;

JEFFREY STEWART; JODY STIGER;

SHAD STILKEY; THOMAS STONE;

PATRICIA SUAREZ; JONATHAN

SUGAR; RICHARD SUVIATE; JAMES

SWIFT III; FABIO TAGLIERI; JOHN

TALBOT; GERARDO TERRAZAS;

PHILIP THOMPSON; JOSEPH YAMZON;

JAIME ZARATE; JAMES THORNTON;

PEGGY THUSING; CHARLES TIZANO;

EMILY TOMLIN; PEDRO TORRES;

TIMOTHY TOTH; FREDERICK TREDY

TREDY; ANGELA TRIMINO; JACK

TUCK; BRIAN TYNDALL; ADAN

URENA; ONAM URENA; CHARLES

URSO; MIGUEL VACA; MIGUEL

VALLEJO; RITA VALLEJO; RAYMOND

VALOIS; FELIPE VASQUEZ;

ELIZABETH VEASCO; PIERRE

VIEILLEMARINGE; D. MICHELE

VROLYKS; JUDE WASHINGTON;

DONNA WATKINS; GARY WELLER;

STANLEY WIEDENHAUPT; TIMOTHY

WIENCKOWSKI; SHELBY WILCOX;

SCOTT WILHELM; CLARENCE

WILLIAMS; MATTHEW WILLIAMS;

MICHAEL WILLIAMS; TROY

WILLIAMS; DEBRA WINTER; JOE

28

WITTY; JOHN WONG; MICHAEL

WOODINGS; MIGUEL DOMINGUEZ,

Plaintiffs-Appellants,

v.

CITY OF LOS ANGELES,

Defendant-Appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California George H. King, District Judge, Presiding

ANDRE ABRAMS, No. 15-56949

Plaintiff, D.C. No. 2:14-cv-05646-ODW-SH and

JAMES AGNOLE; JULIO ALFONSO;

EDGAR ARCA; ANDY AZODI; TODD

BALDWIN; PATRICIA BLAKE; DINO

CAMPODONICO; JOHN CAREY;

JOSEPH CHAVEZ; DUC DAO; MANUEL

DELGADO; DANIEL DRULIAS; MARY

FENCL; MARC FERRIS; MICHAEL

FLANNERY; ELIZABETH GUDINO;

HECTOR GUZMAN; WALTER HANNA;

BRIAN HARRIS; ERIC HERNANDEZ;

RAYMOND HERNANDEZ; DAVID

HERSKOWITZ; ALEX HOFFMASTER;

TODD HOLMBERG; CEDRIC INGRAM;

JAMES JESTER; JOHN JIZMEJIAN;

JAMES KUKKOK; RON LAGRASSA;

BONNIE LEHIGH; DAVID LIN; ROBERT

LONGDON; MICHELLE LOPEZ;

29

JOSHUA LUKASZEWSKI,

Plaintiffs-Appellants,

v.

CITY OF LOS ANGELES,

Defendant-Appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California Otis D. Wright II, District Judge, Presiding

CAROLYN COWARD, No. 15-56957

Plaintiff, D.C. No. 2:14-cv-05676-DMG-JC and

JENNIE WONG; BENJAMIN AGUILERA;

JORGE ALFARO; ALEXANDER

ALVAREZ; JAIME ANCHONDO;

MANUEL ANDUJO; RAMON

ARGUELLES; ERNEST AVILA; CARLOS

AYALA; KARLA BARRRAZA; DONALD

BENDER; ANGEL BONILLA;

ROBASERT BROGELMAN; THOMAS

BURRIS; MATTHEW CALLEROS;

GUSTAVO CAMACHO; DAVID

CARBAJAL; EDWARD CASTRO; RUDY

CHAVEZ; JUAN CONTRERAS; JOHN

CORDOVA; VICTOR CORRAL;

VINCENT CORREA; DOMINIC

COUNTS; OMAR DAVIS; MARK

DIMITT; FRANK DOMINGUEZ III;

SHAWN DUKE; NELSON

ENAMORADO; JAMES FERRELL;

30

JANETTE FLORES; SALVADOR

FLORES; WERNER FLORES; MARIO

GAMEZ; LEONARD GARZA; GARZA

OSCAR; PAVEL GOMEZ; ANNISSA

HARSMA; RAFAEL HERNANDEZ;

HECTOR IBARRA; PETER JACK;

ANDREW LASSAK; SALVADOR

LIZARRAGA; DAVID LOREA; FRANK

LOPEZ II; LOUIS LOZANO; RAYMOND

MADRID; DAVID MANRIQUEZ;

LAWRENCE MARTINEZ; PATRICK

MARMOLEJO; ACKLEY MAYER-

TUCKER; RAMON MEJIA; PAUL

MENCHACA; VICTOR MENCIAS;

RALPH MENDOZA; MATTHEW

MENESES; WILLIAM MONAHAN;

MARIO MORALES; STEVE MORALES;

PAUL MOSLEY; JEFFRI NORAT;

SCARLETT NUNO; EUGENE OLEA;

LARRY OLIANDE; CARLOS OLMOS;

JASON PEDRO; JOEL PEREZ; HYONG

PERKINS; MARTHA PLATA; JOHN

PORRAS; JOE QUEZADA; ALONSO

RAMIREZ; ANTHONY RAZO; ROY

REZA, Jr.; RUDOLPH RIVERA, Jr.; CHRISTOPHER RODRIGUEZ, Jr.;

RONNIE ROMERO; JOSE ROMO;

SERGIO SALAS; JOSE SALAZAR;

ROBERT SCUTARU; MANUEL

SEGURA; EDWARD SILVA; JUAN

SILVA; DAVID SOLIS; MICHAEL

SULLIVAN; JAE SUNG; BENJAMIN

TRAN; GREGORY TREJO; JOSE

VAZQUEZ; GERARDO VEJAR;

RICARDO VERDUZCO; ALFONSO

VILLANEDA; RUFUS WARD III; SHON

WELLS; ERIC WILLIAMS; GUADALUPE

RUIZ; GEORGE WILSON; MICHAEL

YORO; JUAN ZARATE; JUAN ZAVALA;

31

JUAN ZENDEJAS,

Plaintiffs-Appellants,

v.

CITY OF LOS ANGELES,

Defendant-Appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California Dolly M. Gee, District Judge, Presiding

RANDOLPH AGARD, No. 15-56959

Plaintiff, D.C. No. 2:14-cv-05668-PSG-JC and

DEEN ALCARAZ; FRANCISCO

BANUELOS; BYRON BARNES;

GEORGE BASHAI; PAUL BERND; JOHN

BLONDO; CARLTON BROWN; NINA

BROWN; ROBIN BROWN; KENNETH

CABRERA; RAMIRO CABRERA; ERIC

CAMPOS; CAMERON CARRILLO;

ROBERT CELAYA; HECTOR CHAIDEZ;

SAMUEL CHO; KELLY CLARK;

EUGENE COLEMAN; KEELY

COLEMAN; JOSE COVARRUBIAS;

JORGE CRUZ; JOHN DAVIS; ALBERTO

DEL VALLE; DONNI ELLISON; JEREMY

ESCAMILLA; JOHN FLORES; JACKIE

FORT; OMAR FRANCO; RICHARD

GABALDON; BRIAN GINGRAS;

STEPHEN GLICK; MARLON GOMEZ;

JOSEPH GONZALEZ; OSVALDO

32

GONZALEZ; RICHARD GORDON;

PAMELA GREEN; SEAN HANSEN;

DARREN HILL; ENRICO HIZON; ERIC

HOLYFIELD; THEODORE JARA;

TERRY JOHNS; LISA KELLY; PAUL

LAWSON; STEVEN LEMMER; JEFFREY

LEU; ERNEST LONDON; MIGUEL

LOPEZ; LOUIS LAZANO; RUZANNA

LULEDZYAN; RYAN MARSHALL;

MICHAEL MARTINEZ; RAY

MARTINEZ; ASATUR MKRTCHYAN;

ARMANDO MONARREZ; JAMES

MOON; ROBERT MURRAY; DENNIS

NGUYEN; TRACIE NOGGLE; ELOY

OCHOA; PIERRE OLEGA; OSCAR

ORDONEZ; CESAR OROZCO; CARLOS

ORTEGA; JOSE ORTEGA; JOSEPH

PUDELWITTS; RICK RAFTER; RYTIS

RAZANSKAS; VALENTIN REYES;

DONALD RICHARDS; JOHN

RICHARDSON; JONATHAN ROMAN;

SUNNY SASAJIMA; JERITT SEVERNS;

STACEY SEYMKOWIAK; JAIME

SMERDEL; JACOB SNOW; CARLOS

SUTTON; CARL TAYLOR; BRIAN

THAYER; MALCOLM THOMAS;

RAFAEL TOBAR; CEDRIC

WASHINGTON; JULIUS WELLS II;

RYAN WHITEMAN; ERNEST

WILLIAMS; SAMUEL WILLIAMS, Jr.;

BRIAN ZAVALA,

Plaintiffs-Appellants,

v.

CITY OF LOS ANGELES,

Defendant-Appellee.

33 Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California Philip S. Gutierrez, District Judge, Presiding

BENNY ABUCEJO, No. 15-56960

Plaintiff, D.C. No. 2:14-cv-05666-GW-MRW and

MARIO AGUILAR; PHILLIP ALANIZ, Jr.;

DENOS AMARANTOS; PAUL AVILA;

PATRICIA BATTS; TAMARA

BAUMANN; ELIZABETH

BOCCANFUSO; CHRISTOPHER

BORUNDA; KRISTI BRANDON;

MARYANN BUNAG; TODD BURNS;

PETER CABRAL; JOSE CARIAS;

WARNER CARIAS; GEORGE CHAVEZ;

WOON CHONG; RICKEY CROWDER,

Jr.; TRAVIS CURTIN; DARRYL

DANAHER; GERARDO DAVILA;

THOMAS DAWSON; SEAN DEMPSEY;

JOSE DIAZ-IBARRA; KEVIN DUNIGAN;

RICARDO FERIA; OSCAR GAMINO;

CHARLES GARCIA; JESUS GARCIA;

SONNY GARCIA; CHRIS GIARGIARI;

GERALD GIBSON; RANDY GOENS;

FRANCISCO GONZALEZ; JAMES

GRACE; JOSHUA CHONG; CARMEN

GUTIERREZ; ENRIQUE HERNANDEZ;

BENJAMIN HETZLER; CHARLES

HICKS; MELL HOGG; ERIC HOLGUIN;

ERIC JENNINGS; DANNY JIMENEZ;

CHRISTOPHER JORDAN; ROBERT

KNIGHT; RICHARD LARSON, III;

PETER LEE; ALAN LITTLE; ANTHONY

LOPEZ; RICHARD LOPEZ; CARLOS

34

LOZANO; SANDRA MAGDALENO;

STEVEN MARIN; GABRIEL MARTINEZ;

ROBERT MARTINEZ; SHAWN

MASSEY; KEVIN MCNAMEE; MARK

MIRAGLIA; DEAN MONTELEONE;

STEVEN MUIRHEAD; MICHAEL

O'CONNOR; GIL PADILLA; JONATHAN

PASILLAS; ANTONIO PEREZ;

CATARINO PEREZ; FLORO PINZON;

PETER PONICH; RICARDO RIVERA;

PATRICK ROMAN; RICHARD

ROMNEY; CHRISTIAN RUEDA;

MARCELO SABBATELLA; MICHAEL

SAGHERA; SERGIO SANCHEZ;

MANUEL SIERRA; MICHAEL

SMERDEL; CATHERINE SOBIESKI;

FRED STARKEY; DARREN STAUFFER;

JAMES STERLING; SCOTT TEUBERT;

RITCHIE TIJERINA; JONATHAN

TIPPET; CARLOS TORRES; JAMES

TOWNSEND, II; MARCO VARGAS;

PETER VERSCHUEREN; SHERWIN

VIGILANT; OSCAR VILLARREAL;

SCOTT VOSTAD; EARL WILLIAMS;

JAMES WILLIAMS; ROBERT

WORRALL; ROBERT YANEZ;

ROBERTO YANEZ; JOHN ZAMBRI,

Plaintiffs-Appellants,

v.

CITY OF LOS ANGELES,

Defendant-Appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California George H. Wu, District Judge, Presiding

35 GUADALUPE ALANIZ, No. 15-56961

Plaintiff, D.C. No. 2:14-cv-05658-PSG-MRW and

ALAN ALDERGARIE; ROBERT

ARELLANO; HECTOR ACEVES; ASHUR

AGENA; DAVID AIKINS; TERESA

AKUNE; MANUEL ALVAREZ;

MICHAEL APODACA; RAYNEY

ARNOLD; NESTOR AYSON; EZEQUIEL

BARRAZA; DAVID BAMBRICK; RALPH

BARONE; NADYA BENNYWORTH;

LONNIE BENSON; MICHAEL BLAKE;

BARRY BLOCKER; PAUL BOWSER;

LANE BRAGG; TODD BRIDGES;

LONYA BRITTON; BARRY BROOKS;

BLAKE BUDAI; DAVID BURRUS; IAN

CARBONELL; MIKE CASETTA; SOPHIA

CASTANEDA; JUAN CEJA; JING CHAO;

ANDREW CHAPPLE; JEFF

CHIANTARETTO; PAUL CHOUNG;

JOHN CHRISPENS; JOSEPH CRUZ;

JOSEPH CURTIS; RONALD DE WYKE;

JAMES DICKSON; ROBIN DOWNEY;

YOLANDA ECHOLS; VICTOR EGUEZ;

JAMES ELDRIDGE; ALICIA ELLIOTT;

JOHN ENOS; MICHELLE ESKRIDGE;

MARTIN ESPINOZA; ROBERT

ESPINOZA; GUY FALTINOWSKI;

ADRIAN FERNS; ARLDWIN FLORES;

KEN FURUTA; ANDREW GALLAGHER;

LISETTE GARCIA; MARCELA GARCIA;

THOMAS GARCIA; CAESAR

GONZALEZ; LISA GROPP; TRACI

GRUNDLAND; ROBERT GUERVARA;

JOHN HANKINS; MUSTAFA

36

HASSANZAI; FRANK HIGADERA;

ROBERT HILLARD, Jr.; DAMON

HOGAN; MARICELA HUERTA;

MICHAEL HUFF; KENNETH HURLEY;

WORAVOTH IDDHIBHAKDIBONGSE;

MANUEL IBARRA; WILLIAM JOYCE;

ELLIOTT KING; TAEWOOK KIM;

DENNIS LADA; MARK LAUERDALE;

WALTER LEIVA; HEIDI LLANES;

DARIUS LEE; HSIN-YI LO; ADAM LOO;

PETER LOPEZ; KEVIN LOWE;

BARBARA LYDEN; ANTHONY

MAGDALENO; JAMES MANKEY;

ARTURO MARES; MARLON

MARRACHE; GUSTAVO MARTINEZ;

RAMON MARTINEZ; RUBEN

MARTINEZ; KEVIN MASON; TINA

MATSUSHITA; DARELL MATTHEWS;

RONALD MCNALLY; JEFF MERLO;

RAY MORENO; ROGER MORGAN;

JOSEPH MORRISON; RICHARD

MOSSLER; MARCO MUNOZ; STEPHEN

NASSIEF; LUIS NAVARETTE; DAVID

NAVAS; JEFF NELSON; EMERY

NEWSOM; SHELDON NICHOLSON;

DWIGHT NOLAN; DANNY ODOM;

GUADALUPE PALOMARES; STEVEN

PARK; RICHARD PARKS; RANDY

PETERSON; MANUEL PEREZ; VICTOR

PEREZ; WILLIAM PEREZ; LUIS PINELL;

MARK POMPANO; JAMES POON;

KENNETH PRICE; GREGORY PROBST;

BOBBY RAMERO; MARK RAMIREZ;

ANTHONY RAMOS; RICHARD RAMOS;

KIMBERLY RATLIFF; CHRISTINA

REPPUCCI; MICHAEL REX; JAMES

RIVERA; TERI ROBINSON; KATHY

RODITIS; ANTONIO RODRIGUEZ;

CHARLES RODRIGUEZ; JOHN

37

RODRIGUEZ; RODRIGO RODRIGUEZ;

KRISTOPHER ROLLINS; DAVID

ROSENTHAL; JIM ROSSUM; KARENA

ROWAN; RAMIRO RUEZGA; TERRY

SALEONO; DON SASAKI; STEPHEN

SHOWLER; STANLEY SCHOTT;

MONEY SCOTT; BRODIE SEAGRAVE;

ANTONIA SERNA; JONATHAN SMITH;

WILLIAM SNOWDEN; ANTHONY

SOLIS; BRUCE STALLWORTH; DAVID

STIRLING; CHARLES STRONG; KELLY

SULLIVAN; SHIHKUO SUN; MICHAEL

SWITZER; MARSTON TAYLOR; ALEX

TELLEZ; JOSEPH TERENA; RAYMOND

TERRONES; MICHAEL THOMPSON;

JEFFREY TIFFIN; EDWARD TSAI;

ROBERT VALENCIA; MAURICIO

VARGAS; ROBERT VASQUEZ;

ANTONIO VASQUEZ; RALPH

VINCENT; ROBERT WADE;

CHRISTOPHER WALKER; TIM

WALTERS; RONALD WEAVER;

GREGORY WHITE; THOMAS WICKS;

ISAIAH WILLIAMS; SUSAN WILLIS;

CHRISTINE WYCOFF; RAYMOND

YGUAL; KRISTAN ZALOKAR,

Plaintiffs-Appellants,

v.

CITY OF LOS ANGELES,

Defendant-Appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California Philip S. Gutierrez, District Judge, Presiding

38 HORACIO AGUIRRE, No. 15-56962

Plaintiff, D.C. No. 2:14-cv-05659-CBM-SS and

MICHAEL ALEXANDER-FULLER;

GREG ANDRACHICK; JASON

ARMENDARIZ; THOMAS BIBBS;

DAVID BRANDSLETTER; RALPH

BROWN; GREG BRUCE; OSCAR

CANSINO; SILVIA CORRAL; TODD

COSTELLO; DAVID CUETO; NEAL

FINE; JOE FLORES; CHARLES J.

GARCIA; RUDY GONZALES; IVAN

GUILLERMO; WILLIAM GUTIERREZ;

DAVID HAM; DENNIS HAMMONDS;

MICHAEL HARRINGTON; ADAM

HOLLANDS; TIMOTHY HOPE;

FLORENCE JOHNSON; STEVEN

JOHNSON; STEVEN JUAREZ; RAFFI

KHANDIKIAN; JAIME KIRCHOFF;

ALAN KREITZMAN; TIMOTHY

LEDINGHAM; ANDY LEURIDAN;

EDGAR MAGAT; WILLIAM MARBLEY;

SALVADOR MARTINEZ; BRYAN

MILLNER; VALENTIN

MONTESDEOCA; KENNETH MOORE;

LISA MOORE-CRAWFORD; STACEY

MORRIS; DEREK MOUSSEAU;

MICHAEL PAVELKA; DAVID PERRY;

TERESA PIKOR; RICHARD PRINDLE;

BERNARD PULLIAM; JUAN REYES;

DAVID SALCEDO; DARRELL SANCHO;

BRADLEY SCHUMACHER; WILLIAM

SIMONOFF; VICTOR SUAPAIA; VAN

THOMPSON; BRANDON TUCCILLO;

JOSE VERDIN; RONALD VON GOBER;

TREVOR ZIEMBA,

39 Plaintiffs-Appellants,

v.

CITY OF LOS ANGELES,

Defendant-Appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California Consuelo B. Marshall, District Judge, Presiding

ROGER ARCHAMBAULT, No. 15-56963

Plaintiff, D.C. No. 2:14-cv-05660-FMO-VBK and

FRANK BANCALARI; MARTIN

BAROCIO; ANDRE BAYDALINE;

RANDAL BOWMAN; FRED BRIGNONI;

HECTOR CARBAJAL; DANIEL

CHILSON; JIMMY CHOI; STEVEN

COHEN; CRISTOPHER CORTIJO;

TIMOTHY CRABTREE; MARK CRONIN;

SAMUEL DAVIS; RALPH EMARD;

DAVID FATOOL; MARIO FIGUEROA,

Jr.; GREGORY FUQUA; DOUG

GALLAHER; TIMOTHY GALLICK;

GEORGE GOODYEAR; STEVE

GRIFFITH; MARK GUARDADO;

RONALD HARRELL; DARRELL

HINSON; DAVID HOPKINS; ANTHONY

HOTCHKISS; DAVID HOVEY; JAMES

HUTCHINS; YOUNG JHEON;

LAWRENCE JONES; WILLIAM

JUSTICE; ALAN KAMAL; BRIAN

40

KELLY; RICHARD KNOPF; GONZALO

LARA; CONNOR MACLVOR; FELICIA

MCADAMS; CLAUDIA MENDOZA; LUZ

MONTERO; TIM OLSEN; JAMES

PANEK; STEVEN RAUSCH; BRETT

ROBINSON; WILLIAM ROMANELLI;

KRISTINE SALAZAR; PAUL SKINNER;

PHILLIP TATE; WILLIAM TATUM;

BRYCE VERNA; RAYMOND

VILLALOBOS; SUZANNE VUKOVIC;

ROBERT WEISZ; EDWARD WHEELIS;

MARK WHITE; ROBERT WHITE;

ANGELA WIENCKOWSKI; KIM WONG;

TERESA ZUNDEL,

Plaintiffs-Appellants,

v.

CITY OF LOS ANGELES,

Defendant-Appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California Fernando M. Olguin, District Judge, Presiding

JUAN AGUILAR, No. 15-56964

Plaintiff, D.C. No. 2:14-cv-05633-PSG-JC and

STEVEN AGUILAR III; MARK ALLEN;

JUAN AMANCIO; MARLENE

AREGUELLO; VICTOR ARELLANO;

DAVID ARMAS; RALPH ARZATE;

ARNEL ASUNCION; MIGUEL

41

BARAJAS; JEFFREY BEACHAM;

LEROY BLOCK; OSCAR

CASTELLANOS; ARTHUR CASTRO;

JUAN CHAVEZ; GINA CHOVAN; YA

MAY CHRISTLE; JOHN CUENCA;

CURTIS DAVIS; RICHARD DAVIS;

LENNING DAVIS III; GARY

EAGLESON; KELLY EDWARDS;

LANITA ELIAS; PAUL ESPINOZA;

DEBORAH FETTERS; CARLOS

FIGUEROA; JOE GALINDO; LISA

GALLEGOS; GILBERT GARCIA; KEVIN

GIBERSON, Jr.; MIKE GILBERT;

CONSUELO GONZALEZ; JAIME

GONZALEZ; ROBERT GONZALEZ;

KEITH GREEN; WAYNE GUILLARY;

YOUNG HONOR, Jr.; BRENT

HOULIHAN; ERIC HURD; JEAN

JIMENEZ; TERRY KEEFER; KENNETH

KOCH; ANTHONY KONG; WILLIAM

LARKIN; DANIEL LEE; ROBERT LONA,

Jr.; MICHAEL LOPEZ; RONALD LOPEZ, Sr.; GERARDO LOZA; DAN MCCOOLE;

DAVID MCDOWELL; RICHARD

MERCADO; KIMBERLY MOLE;

KENNETH MONTAGUE; RENE

MORALES; REGINA NARES;

FERNANDO OCHOA; DANIEL OSOH;

HECTOR OLIVERA; JEREMY OLSEN;

DONG PARK; KULIN PATEL; GILBERT

PEDREGON; LEO PEREZ; LISA

PHILLIPS; ANNETTE POTTS; OSCAR

PRADO; MICHAEL QUEZADA;

LEONARD RAMIREZ; RODOLFO

RAMIREZ; RAYMOND RANGEL;

LEOPOLDO REY; LUIS REYES;

ARTHUR REYNA; DANIEL RIOS;

GABRIEL RIVAS; PATRICK ROINSON;

LUIS ROBLES; MARCO RODRIGUEZ;

42

JAIME ROUSSETT; SERGIO RUEDAS;

SAM SALAZAR; ROBERTO SAN

ROMAN; JESSE SANCHEZ; VERONICA

SAUCEDO; CHRIS SCOTT; MICHAEL

SOLIS; SUSAN SOLLEY; WILLIAM

SPRINGER; JOHN STASNER; SONG

SUH; ERIK SUNDSTROM; OFELIA

TELLO; WARREN TOJONG; GREGORY

TREVINO; JULIO UMANA;

CHRISTOPHER VASQUEZ; REX

WELLS; THEODORE WILLIAMS;

RAYMOND WONG,

Plaintiffs-Appellants,

v.

CITY OF LOS ANGELES,

Defendant-Appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California Philip S. Gutierrez, District Judge, Presiding

ISMAEL ALDAZ, Sr., No. 15-56967

Plaintiff, D.C. No. 2:14-cv-05642-CAS-SS and

MARIBEL ARAMBULA; EDDIE

BADILLO; JOYCE BANUELOS; OMAR

CEDRE; CECILIA CLEVELAND; MERRI

DALLAS; STEVEN EGUCHI; JAMES

ERWIN III; MAYDA ESPINOZA;

ROBERT FERNANDEZ; JOHN GARCIA;

JACK GIROUD; PAUL GLASCOW;

43

CHERYL GONZALEZ; JIMMY

GRAYSON; DAVID HARRIS; CRYSTAL

HAYES; GERARDO HERNANDEZ;

RAYMOND HERNANDEZ; RICHARD

HOEFEL; RICKY ISHITANI; LEANN

JONES; THOMAS KIRK; JERRY

KOWALSKY; ANTONIO LOPEZ, Jr.;

RICHARD LUGO; JEFF MARES;

CHRISTOPHER MARTINEZ; ORLANDO

MARTINEZ; RAYMOND MAUSS;

GERALD MEARS; DANIEL MENDOZA;

LEZABETT MESA; JOHN MORENO;

JEFF NOLTE; MICHAEL OZAKI; STACY

PIERCE-ROGERS; RICHARD PLOWS;

ROBERT QUEZADA; EMMA RAMIREZ;

RICHARD RAMIREZ, Jr.; ROBERT

RIVERA; DARLENE SHELLEY; STEVEN

TAKESHITA; SONYA TIEFENBACHER;

ROSA TORRES; LON TROUNG;

MICHAEL VALDES; ABRAHAM

VIDRIEZCA,

Plaintiffs-Appellants,

v.

CITY OF LOS ANGELES,

Defendant-Appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California Christina A. Snyder, District Judge, Presiding

FREDGER ALEXANDER, No. 15-56969

Plaintiff, D.C. No. 2:14-cv-05645-CBM-SS

44 and

BENNIE BOATWRIGHT; FRANCIS

BOLAN; ERIC BRIGGS; RONALD

CADE; MICHAEL CALHOUN; CHRISTY

CHASE; CHRIS CHAVARRIA; FRANK

CIEZADLO; MARCELLA COLLINS;

DAVID CORDOVA; STEVEN DORSEY;

JAMES EDWARDS; ROBERT FELIX;

JEFFREY FISCHER; MIGUEL GOMEZ;

ADAM GREEN; DESHAUN HALL;

NATHANIEL HAMPTON; TONY IM;

ROSCOE JOLLA; SEAN KARMODY; JEE

KIM; TIMOTHY KIM; SHARON

KROGER; CHRISTOPHER LANDRY;

NICHOLAS LEE; GEORGE LEIVA;

PEDRO LLANES; FRANCISCO LOPEZ;

BRANDEN MAMROT; SEAN MCGEE;

MATTHEW MCNULTY; ERIC

MOLLINEDO; TAAJ MUHAMMED;

GEORGIA ODOM; LEON ORTEGA;

VERONICA PADILLA; EVA PERRY;

BRIDGET PICKETT; LAURA

PREASMYER; ARTURO RAMOS;

ALFONSO REYES; SPIRO RODITIS;

RUTHANN SCOTT; WILLIAM SEGEE;

MAGGIE SHERMAN; DARRYL SHUM;

TIMOTHY STACK; CHARLES THOMAS;

MICHAEL TIRELLA; HUGO VALDEZ;

SANDRA VALLE; GREGG WEBBER;

FRANCOIS WISE; STEPHEN

YUROCHKO,

Plaintiffs-Appellants,

v.

CITY OF LOS ANGELES,

45 Defendant-Appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California Consuelo B. Marshall, District Judge, Presiding

CAMILLE ARMSTEAD, No. 15-56973

Plaintiff, D.C. No. 2:14-cv-05675-MMM-CW and

GERRY CHAMBERLAIN; TERENCE

KLAFKE; JUDITH LARSEN; ROBERTO

R. LOPEZ; SANDRA LOPEZ; CATHY

LUKE; JAMES LUMPKIN; ROBERT

MARTINEZ; LAWRENCE MULLALY;

BLANCA PASOS; MONICA QUIJANO;

ESTHER REYES; GILBERT SANCHEZ;

JAVIER SANCHEZ; KENNETH

SANTOLLA; TIMOTHY SCHEY;

YVONNE WHITEMAN,

Plaintiffs-Appellants,

v.

CITY OF LOS ANGELES,

Defendant-Appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California Margaret M. Morrow, District Judge, Presiding

Argued and Submitted November 8, 2017 Pasadena, California

46 Before: LINN,** BERZON, and M. SMITH, Circuit Judges.

In 2004 and 2007, approximately 2,500 Los Angeles Police Department

(LAPD) officers brought suit against the City of Los Angeles (the City), alleging

that the City had violated the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), 29 U.S.C. §§ 201,

et seq., by failing to pay the officers for their overtime work. On May 21, 2014,

District Judge Gary A. Feess granted the City’s decertification motion in both cases,

concluding that the officers were not “similarly situated.” Sub-groups of the original

collectives then instituted 28 separate lawsuits, which were assigned to 13 different

district judges in the Central District of California. In every case, the City filed a

motion to dismiss on the basis of misjoinder. And in every case, this motion was

granted and all plaintiffs but for the named plaintiff were dismissed pursuant to

Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 20 and 21. The 27 instant appeals followed, and

were consolidated for our review.

We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review a district

court’s resolution of a motion to dismiss for improper joinder for an abuse of

discretion, see, e.g., Cuprite Mine Partners LLC v. Anderson, 809 F.3d 548, 551 (9th

Cir. 2015); Coleman v. Quaker Oats Co., 232 F.3d 1271, 1296-97 (9th Cir. 2000),

and may affirm on any ground supported by the record, e.g., Livid Holdings Ltd. v.

** The Honorable Richard Linn, Senior United States Circuit Judge for the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, sitting by designation.

47 Salomon Smith Barney, Inc., 416 F.3d 940, 950 (9th Cir. 2005). We affirm.

As the facts and procedural history are familiar to the parties, we decline to

recite them.

Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 20 establishes the standards for permissive

joinder, and Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 21 governs the remedies for misjoinder.

See Pan Am. World Airways, Inc. v. U.S. Dist. Ct. for the Cent. Dist. of Cal., 523

F.2d 1073, 1079-80 (9th Cir. 1975) (directing courts to analyze the validity of

permissive joinder for the purposes of Rule 21 according to Rule 20’s requirements).

In relevant part, Rule 20 allows “[p]ersons [to] join in one action as plaintiffs if:

(A) they assert any right to relief jointly, severally, or in the alternative with respect

to or arising out of the same transaction, occurrence, or series of transactions or

occurrences; and (B) any question of law or fact common to all plaintiffs will arise

in the action.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 20(a)(1). Rule 21 provides that if these two criteria

are not met and plaintiffs are improperly joined, “[o]n motion or on its own, the court

may at any time, on just terms, add or drop a party. The court may also sever any

claim against a party.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 21.

Here, Plaintiffs-Appellants have failed to satisfy Rule 20’s permissive joinder

standard. For example, Plaintiffs-Appellants do not allege any greater connection

between their claims than that the City’s employees violated the FLSA in

comparable ways, at various different times, and in various different divisions and

48 bureaus. Plaintiffs-Appellants’ claims therefore are too factually disparate to arise

out of the same transaction, occurrence, or series of transactions or occurrences. See,

e.g., Visendi v. Bank of Am., N.A., 733 F.3d 863, 870 (9th Cir. 2013); Coughlin v.

Rogers, 130 F.3d 1348, 1350 (9th Cir. 1997). Thus, no district court abused its

discretion in deciding to “dismiss all but the first named plaintiff without prejudice

to the institution of new, separate lawsuits by the dropped plaintiffs.” Coughlin, 130

F.3d at 1350.

We need not decide whether any district court improperly relied on Judge

Feess’s decertification decision or any decertification discovery in reaching its

decision, because we can affirm on any ground supported by the record and the

record in each of these consolidated appeals supports our conclusion that the

permissive joinder standard was not satisfied.

AFFIRMED.

49