NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS APR 1 2019

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, No. 16-10188

Plaintiff-Appellee, D.C. No. 5:14-cr-00620-RMW-1 v.

HUGO VALVERDE-RUMBO, AKA Hugo MEMORANDUM* Osvaldo Valverde-Rumbo,

Defendant-Appellant.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of California Ronald M. Whyte, District Judge, Presiding

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, No. 17-10415

Plaintiff-Appellee, D.C. No. 5:14-cr-00620-BLF-1 v.

HUGO VALVERDE-RUMBO, AKA Hugo Osvaldo Valverde-Rumbo,

Defendant-Appellant.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of California Beth Labson Freeman, District Judge, Presiding

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. Argued and Submitted January 15, 2019 San Francisco, California

Before: WALLACE and FRIEDLAND, Circuit Judges, and LASNIK,** District Judge.

Hugo Valverde-Rumbo appeals from the district court’s denial of his motion

to dismiss the indictment and his motion for a new trial. We review de novo the

denial of a motion to dismiss an indictment brought pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1326.

United States v. Cisneros-Rodriguez, 813 F.3d 748, 755 (9th Cir. 2015). We

review for abuse of discretion the denial of a motion for a new trial made on the

ground of newly discovered evidence. United States v. Hinkson, 585 F.3d 1247,

1259 (9th Cir. 2009) (en banc). We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and

we affirm.

I.

Valverde-Rumbo was indicted for illegal reentry under 8 U.S.C. § 1326. He

has a due process right to challenge the validity of the removal order underlying

the charge because the order serves as a predicate element for his conviction. See

United States v. Melendez-Castro, 671 F.3d 950, 953 (9th Cir. 2012) (citing United

States v. Ubaldo–Figueroa, 364 F.3d 1042, 1047 (9th Cir. 2004)). Among other

** The Honorable Robert S. Lasnik, United States District Judge for the Western District of Washington, sitting by designation.

2 requirements, Valverde-Rumbo must demonstrate that he was prejudiced by a due

process violation in the proceedings underlying his removal order. Id. (citing

Ubaldo–Figueroa, 364 F.3d at 1048). To show prejudice, Valverde-Rumbo must

(1) identify “a form of relief for which [he] was eligible to apply,” and (2) establish

“that it was ‘plausible’ that, but for the due process violation, [he] would have been

permitted to apply for, and would have obtained, such relief.” Cisneros-Rodriguez,

813 F.3d at 761.

After an evidentiary hearing, the district court concluded that Valverde-

Rumbo’s due process rights were violated because the immigration officer

obtained invalid waivers of his right to a hearing and right to counsel. However, it

concluded that Valverde-Rumbo was not prejudiced by the violations. We agree.

Valverde-Rumbo argues that he would have applied for and obtained a U-visa, a

“form of hardship relief available to victims of crimes who have suffered mental or

physical abuse and are helpful to law enforcement officials in prosecuting or

investigating the crime.” Cisneros-Rodriguez, 813 F.3d at 753. To be eligible for

a U-visa, Valverde-Rumbo needed to obtain a waiver of inadmissibility, which is

granted if doing so is in “the public or national interest.” 8 C.F.R. § 212.17(b)(1).

In cases “involving violent or dangerous crimes,” a waiver may only be granted “in

extraordinary circumstances.” Id. § 212.17(b)(2). The record before the district

3 court, when it denied Valverde-Rumbo’s motion to dismiss, does not persuade us

that he plausibly would have been granted a waiver.

II.

Valverde-Rumbo was convicted of illegal reentry after a bench trial. He

then timely moved for a new trial based on newly discovered evidence. As a

threshold matter, the government argues that Valverde-Rumbo’s motion is

procedurally improper. We assume, without deciding, that the motion is proper

because we conclude that Valverde-Rumbo’s proffered new evidence would not

have resulted in a different outcome. His new expert declaration cites the equities

in his favor and identifies several applicants with felony convictions who also have

been granted waivers. However, many crimes of varying seriousness are felonies,

and we must “focus on whether aliens with similar circumstances received relief.”

United States v. Rojas-Pedroza, 716 F.3d 1253, 1263 (9th Cir. 2013). Valverde-

Rumbo’s new evidence fails to identify aliens in comparable factual circumstances

(e.g., convicted of assault with intent to rape) who have been granted waivers. See

United States v. Vasquez-Gonzalez, 901 F.3d 1060, 1070 (9th Cir. 2018).

Accordingly, even with the new evidence, Valverde-Rumbo has not plausibly

shown that he would have been granted a waiver, and the district court therefore

did not abuse its discretion in denying Valverde-Rumbo’s motion for a new trial.

III.

4 Valverde-Rumbo raises two additional arguments for the first time on

appeal. First, he argues that his trial counsel provided ineffective assistance. We

generally do not review ineffective assistance of counsel claims on direct appeal.

See United States v. Benford, 574 F.3d 1228, 1231 (9th Cir. 2009). We have

recognized “two extraordinary exceptions” to this general rule: (1) where the

record is “sufficiently developed to permit determination of the issue,” or (2) “the

legal representation is so inadequate that it obviously denies a defendant his Sixth

Amendment right to counsel.” Id. (quoting United States v. Jeronimo, 398 F.3d

1149, 1156 (9th Cir. 2005)). Because neither exception applies, we decline to

review the claim. Second, Valverde-Rumbo argues that the immigration judge

lacked jurisdiction to issue the removal order underlying his conviction, citing

Pereira v. Sessions, 138 S. Ct. 2105 (2018). This argument is foreclosed by

Karingithi v. Whitaker, 913 F.3d 1158 (9th Cir. 2019).

AFFIRMED.

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