NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS JAN 16 2020

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

MICHAEL DAVID BRUSER and LYNN No. 16-16354 BRUSER, Trustees under that certain unrecorded Revocable Living Trust D.C. No. Agreement dated July 11, 1988, as amended, 1:14-cv-00387-LEK-RLP doing business as Discovery Bay Center,

Plaintiffs-counter-claim- MEMORANDUM* defendants-Appellants,

v.

BANK OF HAWAII, a Hawaii corporation, as Trustee, as successor by merger with Hawaiian Trust Company, Limited, a former Hawaii corporation and as successor Trustee under that certain Trust Agreement dated June 6, 1974; et al.,

Defendants-counter- claimants-plaintiffs- Appellees.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Hawaii Leslie E. Kobayashi, District Judge, Presiding

Argued and Submitted October 12, 2018 Resubmitted January 14, 2020 Honolulu, Hawaii

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. Before: WARDLAW, BERZON, and RAWLINSON, Circuit Judges.

Micheal and Lynn Bruser appeal a judgment issued against them and in

favor of Bank of Hawaii, the Association of Apartment Owners of Discovery Bay

and a number of additional defendants and counter-claimants (together, the

“Association”). The substantive disputes that spawned this litigation, as well as

simultaneous litigation occurring in Hawaii state court, are whether the Bank of

Hawaii is charging a reasonable trustee fee for the services it provides to the

Discovery Bay condominium project and who is responsible for paying that fee.

While the district court litigation was pending, a state court determined that

the Bank of Hawaii’s fee was reasonable.1 The district court then issued a pretrial

order holding that it lacked jurisdiction under the Rooker-Feldman doctrine to

review the Brusers’ claim seeking a declaration that the Bank of Hawaii’s

proposed trustee fee was unreasonable. After a stipulated facts bench trial, the

district court determined that the Brusers had breached their contractual obligation

to pay the Bank of Hawaii under the CCD. The court also declared that the

Brusers were liable for the entire unpaid trustee fee owed to the Bank of Hawaii.

1. The Brusers argue that the district court improperly dismissed their

1 That decision has since been affirmed in relevant part by the Hawaii Supreme Court. In re Trust Agreement Dated June 6, 1974, 452 P.3d 297, 308 (Haw. 2019), reconsideration denied, No. SCWC-XX-XXXXXXX, 2019 WL 6040796 (Haw. Nov. 14, 2019).

2 declaratory relief claim under the Rooker-Feldman doctrine because the state court

lacked jurisdiction to review the reasonableness of the fee charged by Bank of

Hawaii. But “Rooker-Feldman applies where the plaintiff in federal court claims

that the state court did not have jurisdiction to render a judgment.” Doe v. Mann,

415 F.3d 1038, 1042 n.6 (9th Cir. 2005).

2. The Brusers also argue that the district court erred when it concluded that

the Condominium Conveyance Document made the Brusers liable for the trustee

fees owed to the Bank of Hawaii under the Trust Agreement. The district court did

not err. The Condominium Conveyance Document unequivocally states that the

Brusers, as the owner of the commercial unit at Discovery Bay, were required to

pay “all fees and expenses charged or incurred by the Lessor as Trustee under the

terms of said Trust Agreement . . . as the same become due or are incurred.”

3. The Brusers perfunctorily mention some additional issues in their opening

brief. For example, they state that the district court violated the Brusers’ due

process rights during discovery, and that the Bank of Hawaii committed fraud

against the Brusers. But their opening brief lacks argument supporting any of their

additional assertions. Because the Brusers have not supported these positions with

cogent argument, these issues are deemed waived. See Greenwood v. FAA, 28

F.3d 971, 977-78 (9th Cir. 1994).

AFFIRMED.

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