NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FEB 11 2020

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

FRANCISCO JARAMILLO-LAUREANO, No. 17-71498

Petitioner, Agency No. A205-054-182

v.

MEMORANDUM*

WILLIAM P. BARR, Attorney General,

Respondent.

On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals

Submitted February 5, 2020** Pasadena, California

Before: THOMAS, Chief Judge, and WARDLAW and NGUYEN, Circuit Judges.

Francisco Jaramillo-Laureano (Jaramillo) petitions for review of the Board

of Immigration Appeals’ (BIA) order upholding an Immigration Judge’s (IJ)

finding that he had filed a frivolous asylum application and was not entitled to

asylum, withholding of removal, or protection under the Convention Against

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). Torture (CAT). We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(1), and we deny

the petition.

1. We review the IJ’s adverse credibility determination for substantial

evidence and will uphold it “unless any reasonable adjudicator would be compelled

to conclude to the contrary.” Bhattarai v. Lynch, 835 F.3d 1037, 1042 (9th Cir.

2016). Where, as here, an IJ gives several reasons for his adverse credibility

finding, it must be upheld “so long as one of the identified grounds is supported by

substantial evidence and goes to the heart of the alien’s claim of persecution.” Rizk

v. Holder, 629 F.3d 1083, 1087 (9th Cir. 2011) (alterations omitted). In post-

REAL ID Act cases like this, “[a]lthough inconsistencies no longer need to go to

the heart of the petitioner’s claim, when an inconsistency is at the heart of the

claim it doubtless is of great weight.” Shrestha v. Holder, 590 F.3d 1034, 1046–47

(9th Cir. 2010).

Jaramillo’s claims for relief from removal centered around an incident in

which his sister-in-law and son were allegedly kidnapped in Mexico. Substantial

evidence supports the IJ’s finding that Jaramillo testified inconsistently about the

timing of this kidnapping and whether it was the motivating factor behind his

decision to bring his family to the United States.

Jaramillo first testified that the kidnapping occurred in 2006 or 2008 and that

it led him to begin to bring his wife and children to the United States. Jaramillo’s

2 asylum application listed most of his family members as having entered the United

States in 2009, which would have been consistent with his initial testimony. But

after being confronted with evidence that the kidnapping had instead taken place in

2011—after most of his family had already left Mexico—Jaramillo changed his

story and claimed that threats and requests for payment that preceded the

kidnapping were what had actually motivated him to bring his family to the United

States. This inconsistent testimony went to the heart of Jaramillo’s claims for

relief from removal and therefore provided a sufficient basis for the IJ’s adverse

credibility determination.1 Zamanov v. Holder, 649 F.3d 969, 973 (9th Cir. 2011)

(“Testimony about the events leading up to the petitioner’s departure, or about the

circumstances that led to the persecution, go to the ‘heart of the claim.’”).

2. Jaramillo was given an adequate opportunity to explain the

inconsistencies in his testimony. On cross-examination, the Government asked

Jaramillo why he had initially testified that the kidnapping motivated him to bring

his family to the United States only to later concede that the kidnapping took place

in 2011, after most of his family had already arrived in the U.S. See Rizk, 629 F.3d

at 1088 (“[T]he opportunity to explain may be provided through cross-examination

. . . .”). Jaramillo said only that he had been mixed up by the questioning and had

1 In light of our conclusion, we need not address whether the other grounds given for the adverse credibility determination were supported by substantial evidence.

3 misremembered the dates because he was “always working.” This was not a

“reasonable and plausible explanation,” and the IJ was entitled to reject it. See id.

Likewise, the record does not compel the conclusion that the inconsistencies in

Jaramillo’s testimony could be attributed to nervousness or lack of education.

3. Substantial evidence supports the BIA’s conclusion that absent his

discredited testimony, Jaramillo failed to carry his burden of establishing that he

was entitled to asylum, withholding of removal, or relief under the CAT.2

4. On de novo review, we conclude that the IJ properly applied the

framework from Matter of Y-L-, 24 I. & N. Dec. 151, 155 (BIA 2007), in

determining that Jaramillo filed a frivolous asylum application. See Kulakchyan v.

Holder, 730 F.3d 993, 995 n.1 (9th Cir. 2013) (per curiam). Jaramillo received

notice of the consequences of filing a frivolous application, and the IJ made a

specific frivolousness finding. See Matter of Y-L-, 24 I. & N. Dec. at 155.

Jaramillo’s inconsistent testimony regarding the circumstances and timing of the

kidnapping provided sufficient evidence to support the IJ’s finding that he

deliberately fabricated his account of the incident.

PETITION DENIED.

2 We do not reach the BIA’s alternative holding that Jaramillo’s asylum application was untimely.

4