This is an application for the discharge of the petitioner from imprisonment, under a judgment of conviction for battery, rendered by the police court of the city and county of San Francisco. The only ground upon which the right to his discharge is claimed by the petitioner is, that the act creating said court is unconstitutional. The act referred to was approved March 5, 1889. The first section thereof provides:— ■

This is followed by provisions defining the jurisdiction, regulating the organization, and providing the officers for the court. Section 11 of the act is as follows:—

At the time this statute was enacted there existed in the city and county of San Francisco two courts known as police judges’ courts, and presided over by the judges referred to in section 11 of the act. The jurisdiction of these courts was precisely the same. They were essentially one and the same court, acting in departments, and constituted the police court of the city and county.

The only objection to the new act worthy of consideration is, that it created a new court, to consist of three judges, and that being a new court, the then judges of the police judges’ courts could not be declared and made judges thereof by an act of the legislature.

Immediately after the enactment of the statute, H. L. Joachimsen was appointed a judge of said police court, and qualified as such; whereupon the two judges of the police judges’ courts and said Joachimsen organized said court by electing one of their number presiding judge, and each of said judges was assigned to one of the departments of the court. Judge Joachimsen being so assigned to Department Three, the petitioner was regularly charged before him, and tried and convicted.

Assuming that the two old judges were not parts of the court, it is urged that the court had not legally organized, and was not a court, and the trial and conviction of the petitioner was for that reason without authority of law.

The act in question is not carefully and accurately worded, but its object, purpose, and effect seem to us to be clear enough.

It does not have the effect, nor was it intended, to abolish the existing police courts of the city and county, or to create a new and independent court, but to add to *424 the existing courts another judge, and to reorganize the court thus increased in numbers, by dividing the same into departments, with a presiding judge. This is perfectly clear from the fact that the jurisdiction, powers, and duties of the court are unchanged. The only ground upon which it could be claimed that anything more was intended than above stated is the slight change made in. the name of the court, and this should have no weight, when, taking the whole act together, the legislative intent is so apparent.

We hold, therefore, that the act in question is constitutional, and that the petitioner should be remanded.

It is so ordered.

Beatty, C. J., Paterson, J., Sharpstein, J., Thornton, J., and McFarland, J., concurred.