United States v. Ronnie Dean Hall
Opinion
Opinion
Roll, J.
INTRODUCTION
Ronnie Dean Hall appeals his conviction following his conditional guilty plea to unarmed bank robbery, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2113 (a). For the following reasons, we affirm.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
Los Angeles County Sheriffs Deputies observed Hall and his brother, David Baker, inside their vehicle parked in the parking lot of a Lynwood, California liquor store at approximately 9:00 a.m. on July 21, 1990. The deputies watched Baker approach the liquor store, look over his shoulders, and conceal his right hand in his front pocket with a silver object protruding from it. Believing Baker was about to rob the liquor store, the officers performed a pat down search and found a pair of silver pliers tucked into Baker’s pocket.
In the process of searching Baker, deputies overheard police transmissions coming from a scanning receiver located in Hall’s car. Also in the car was an open canvas bag containing dollar bills, a syringe, a glass pipe and spoons. The district court found that both the radio and the bag with its overflowing contents were in plain view. The officers believed Hall and Baker to be under the influence of heroin.