United States v. Robert Wayne Eddy

980 F.2d 739 NOTICE: Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3 provides that dispositions other than opinions or orders designated for publication are not precedential and should not be cited except when relevant under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, or collateral estoppel. UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Robert Wayne EDDY, Defendant-Appellant. No. 90-50627. United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit. Submitted Nov. 23, 1992. * Decided Dec. 1, 1992. Before SCHROEDER, FLETCHER and NOONAN, Circuit Judges. 1 MEMORANDUM ** 2 Robert Wayne Eddy appeals his conviction following a jury trial for three counts of bank robbery in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 2113 (a) and (d). Eddy contends that the district court erred by granting the prosecution's motion in limine to preclude evidence supporting a duress defense. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and we affirm. 3 Whether a defendant has made a threshold showing of each element of the duress defense is a question of law reviewed de novo. United States v. Williams, 791 F.2d 1383, 1388 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 869 (1986); United States v. Charmley, 764 F.2d 675, 676 (9th Cir.1985). Although…