Archila-Rivera

MEMORANDUM

Maria Archila-Rivera (“Petitioner”), a native and citizen of El Salvador, petitions for review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”) decision affirming an Immigration Judge’s (“IJ”) denial of her applications for asylum, withholding of removal, and protection under the Con vention Against Torture (“CAT”). In the alternative, she seeks post-voluntary departure relief.

Petitioner seeks asylum or withholding of removal on the ground that she fears persecution, as a member of a particular social group within the meaning of the Immigration and Nationality Act. She correctly argues that the BIA and IJ erred in holding that unmarried, indigent women may not constitute a protected group. We have held otherwise. Perdomo v. Holder, 611 F.3d 662, 669 (9th Cir.2010) (holding that women in Guatemala may constitute a particular social group). The record does not, however, compel a finding that Petitioner suffered past persecution or a well-founded fear of future persecution on account of her membership in such a group. She was a victim of robbery and random violence that affected members of all social classes in El Salvador. The administrative findings on the lack of a…