United States v. Arvin Red Star

MEMORANDUM

Arvin Bon Red Star appeals from his jury-trial conviction and 216-month sentence for aggravated sexual abuse, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 1153 (a) and 2241(a). We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291 , and we affirm.

Red Star contends that the district court improperly applied a two-level enhancement under U.S.S.G. § 3A1.3 for restraining his victim during the commission of the offense. Red Star argues that there was no evidence of physical restraint presented at trial, and that any evidence of physical restraint had already been taken into account by the statute and the sentencing Guidelines.

The record supports the district court’s application of the enhancement because the evidence shows that Red Star physically restrained the victim in such a way that “added to the basic crime.” United States v. Old Chief, 571 F.3d 898, 901 (9th Cir.2009); United States v. Foppe, 993 F.2d 1444, 1452-53 (9th Cir.1993) (defining physical restraint). Restraint of the victim is not an element of the offense of aggravated sexual abuse nor was it was incorporated in the aggravated sexual abuse offense Guideline applied here. See 18 U.S.C. § 2241 ; U.S.S.G. § 2A3.1. Accordingly,…