DISCUSSION

Under the LPS Act, “[a] conservator of the person . . . may be appointed for a person who is gravely disabled as a result of a mental health disorder....” (Welf. & Inst. Code, § 5350.) A person is considered “ ‘gravely disabled’ ” when he or she, “as a result of a mental health disorder, is unable to provide for his or her basic personal needs for food, clothing, or shelter.” (Id., § 5008, subd. (h)(1)(A).) The court may appoint a conservator to provide individualized treatment, supervision, and placement to someone who is gravely disabled. (Id., § 5350.1.) Such conservatorship automatically expires

1 Under Evidence Code sections 452, subdivision (d) and 459, subdivision (a), we grant Public Guardian’s unopposed request for judicial notice and also judicially notice the additional exhibits attached to its March 23, 2022 letter. Collectively, these documents consist of the Public Guardian’s July 2021 reappointment petition and the court’s subsequent minute orders related to this petition. (See also In re Karen G. (2004) 121 Cal.App.4th 1384, 1390 [appellate court has the authority to consider “subsequent proceedings ... and find the appeal has been rendered moot”].)

3 after one year. (Id., § 5361.) The conservator may petition to reestablish the conservatorship for additional one-year periods before the expiration of each one-year term. (Id., §§ 5361, 5362.) R.B. contends the order approving the conservatorship that commenced in August 2020 must be reversed on two bases: (1) he was not adequately advised of his right to a jury trial and therefore did not knowingly and intelligently waive that right; and (2) substantial evidence did not support imposing involuntary medication as a disability of the conservatorship. The Public Guardian contends R.B.’s appeal is now moot. Agreeing with the Public Guardian, we dismiss the appeal. As a general rule, it is a court’s duty to decide “ ‘ “actual controversies by a judgment which can be carried into effect, and not to give opinions upon moot questions or abstract propositions, or to declare principles or rules of law which cannot affect the matter in issue in the case before it.” ’ ” (Eye Dog Foundation v. State Board of Guide Dogs for the Blind (1967) 67 Cal.2d 536, 541.) “A case is considered moot when ‘the question addressed was at one time a live issue in the case,’ but has been deprived of life ‘because of events occurring after the judicial process was initiated.’ ” (Wilson & Wilson v. City Council of Redwood City (2011) 191 Cal.App.4th 1559, 1574.) When, during the pendency of a LPS conservatorship appeal, through no fault of the proposed conservator, an event occurs such that the appellate court cannot grant any effectual relief, the appeal becomes moot and should ordinarily be dismissed. (Conservatorship of J.Y. (2020) 49 Cal.App.5th 220, 223, 225, review granted Aug. 19, 2020, S263044.) “The pivotal question in determining if a case is moot is therefore whether the court can grant the plaintiff any effectual relief.” (Wilson & Wilson v. City Council of Redwood City, supra, 191 Cal.App.4th at p. 1574.)

4 The conservatorship order which R.B. appeals and seeks to reverse commenced for a one-year period beginning August 30, 2020, and thus expired on August 29, 2021. A new reappointment petition has since been filed and considered in a trial before a jury, which found R.B. to be gravely disabled. The reappointment order challenged in this appeal therefore has no remaining force and effect and its reversal would have no effect on the more recent reappointment order, which R.B. has separately appealed. Since this appeal cannot provide R.B. with effective relief, it is moot. R.B acknowledges the challenged conservatorship has expired and his appeal is “technically moot” but urges us to exercise our discretion to consider the merits of his appeal. We recognize that because of the brief duration of LPS conservatorships, it is not uncommon for appellate courts to exercise their discretion to decide a case notwithstanding the fact that subsequent procedural events may have rendered the case moot. (See In re Conservatorship of George H. (2008) 169 Cal.App.4th 157, 161, fn. 2.) Indeed, there are discretionary exceptions to the rule against adjudicating moot claims. (See In re David B. (2017) 12 Cal.App.5th 633, 644 (David B.) [“A court ordinarily will dismiss an appeal when it cannot grant effective relief, but may instead ‘exercise its inherent discretion to resolve an issue when [1] there remain “material questions for the court’s determination” [citation], [2] where a “pending case poses an issue of broad public interest that is likely to recur” [citation], or [3] where “there is a likelihood of recurrence of the controversy between the same parties or others.” ’ ”].) None of these reasons apply to R.B.’s present appeal. R.B.’s first argument on appeal is that his right to a jury trial was not knowingly and intelligently waived under the totality of the circumstances. He contends the “question of what advisement a court must give in taking a

5 jury trial waiver in an LPS conservatorship case is an issue of general interest, affecting substantial rights of conservatees, is likely to recur in numerous LPS trials, and likely to evade review if [this] Court does not exercise its discretion and consider the issue.” We are not persuaded. After R.B. filed his opening brief, the Sixth District Court of Appeal addressed in a published case the issue of what advisements a court must give in taking a jury trial waiver in an LPS trial. (See Conservatorship of C.O. (2021) 71 Cal.App.5th 894, 908–919 (C.O.) [trial court’s failure to personally advise proposed conservatee of right to a jury trial was statutory error, but error was harmless; and court’s acceptance of counsel’s waiver of jury trial right did not violate proposed conservatee’s rights].) Further, one month after C.O. was decided, the Second District Court of Appeal also addressed in a published case the issue of proper advisements for a knowing and intelligent jury trial waiver. (See Conservatorship of Joanne R. (2021) 72 Cal.App.5th 1009, 1016–1018 (Joanne R.) [trial court’s failure to advise that proposed conservatee, through her counsel, had the right to participate in jury selection did not invalidate her jury waiver given the other advisements that informed her of “ ‘the essence of the jury trial right’ ”].)2 C.O. and Joanne R. belie R.B.’s suggestion that the advisement issue he presents is likely to evade review.

2 In his reply brief, R.B. asserts that C.O. did not address the issues he raises on appeal, namely, what is an adequate advisement of the right to jury trial right and whether he made an intelligent waiver of that right given his minimal advisements. Even if correct, R.B. makes no contention that Joanne R. failed to address the issues he raises on appeal and expressly asks that we “adopt the position” of the Joanne R. court. This is further indication that R.B.’s jury trial waiver issue has not escaped appellate review and grounds to not exercise a discretionary exception to the rule against adjudicating moot claims.

6 R.B.’s second argument is that the evidence was not sufficient to support the court’s ruling on disabilities. He contends this issue will also escape review and “if the evidence was insufficient . . . then the disability is liable to be improperly imposed again, unless the issue is clarified through an opinion of this Court.” Again, we are not persuaded. Whether there was substantial evidence to support the court’s disabling order is a fact-intensive inquiry into R.B.s mental health status, not a matter of widespread interest. As such, it does not fall into the exception to the mootness doctrine for matters of broad public interest that elude review. (See David B., supra, 12 Cal.App.5th at p. 644.) Also, our resolution of the issue would have no effect on, or particular precedential value for, future LPS proceedings concerning R.B. or any other conservatee. Even if the Public Guardian requests the same disability be imposed on R.B. in a subsequent reappointment petition, the Public Guardian will be required to prove grave disability anew. (Welf. & Inst. Code, § 5361.) Each future case will have its own record to review, and our review of the sufficiency of the evidence now for a trial that occurred in November 2020 would have no bearing on the imposition of any disabilities in the future. For these reasons, we are satisfied this appeal presents no occasion to depart from our general practice of addressing only cases in which we may grant effective relief.

DISPOSITION

The appeal is dismissed as moot.

7 _________________________ Petrou, J.

WE CONCUR:

_________________________ Tucher, P.J.

_________________________ Fujisaki, J.

A161512

8