Padilla

Opinion of the Court by Liu, J.

In 2016, the voters of California enacted Proposition 57, a measure that amended the law governing the punishment of juvenile offenses in adult criminal court by requiring hearings to determine whether the offenses should instead be heard in juvenile court. Adjudicating these offenses in juvenile court typically results in less severe punishment for the juvenile offender. (People v. Superior Court (Lara) (2018) 4 Cal.5th 299, 306–307 (Lara).) Our precedent holds that “new laws that reduce the punishment for a crime are presumptively to be applied to defendants whose judgments are not yet final.” (People v. Conley (2016) 63 Cal.4th 646, 656 (Conley), citing In re Estrada (1965) 63 Cal.2d 740 (Estrada).) When that presumption applies, its retroactivity rule extends to all “nonfinal judgments.” (People v. Esquivel (2021) 11 Cal.5th 671, 677 (Esquivel).) Applying that rule, we unanimously concluded two years after Proposition 57 passed that the initiative “ameliorated the possible punishment for a class of persons, namely juveniles.” (Lara, supra, 4 Cal.5th at p. 308.) We held that “Estrada’s inference of retroactivity applies” to the proposition’s…