Valdivia

Vickie P. Whitney, Office of the Attorney General of the State of California, Sacramento, CA, and S. Anne Johnson, Hanson Bridgett LLP, San Francisco, CA, for the defendant-appellant.

Loren G. Stewart and Ernest Galvan, Rosen, Bien & Galvan LLP, San Francisco, CA; Geoffrey Holtz, Bingham McCutchen LLP, San Francisco, CA, for the plaintiffs-appellees.

Kent S. Scheidegger, Criminal Justice Legal Foundation, Sacramento, CA, for amici Criminal Justice Legal Foundation, Crime Victims United of California, and Senator George Runner.

Wendy Musell, Stewart & Musell, San Francisco, CA, for amici The American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California, Legal Services for Prisoners and Children, The Justice Policy Institute, the National Council on Crime and Delinquency, The Sentencing Project, Hadar Aviram, W. David Ball, Sharon Dolovich, Malcolm M. Feeley, Michael Pinard, Jonathan Simon and Jeremy Travis.

Before JOHN T. NOONAN, MICHAEL DALY HAWKINS and MILAN D. SMITH, JR., Circuit Judges.

Opinion by Judge HAWKINS; Partial Concurrence and Partial Dissent by Judge NOONAN.

HAWKINS, Circuit Judge:

These consolidated appeals stem from the November 2003 Valdivia Permanent Injunction…