NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS JUL 11 2022

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

ANTHONY JAY BREDBERG, DBA B&A, No. 21-35156 Inc., D.C. No. 2:20-cv-00190-MJP Plaintiff-Appellant,

v. MEMORANDUM*

RANDY MIDDAUGH; et al.,

Defendants-Appellees.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington Marsha J. Pechman, District Judge, Presiding

Submitted July 8, 2022**

Before: WALLACE, FERNANDEZ, and SILVERMAN, Circuit Judges.

Anthony Bredberg appeals from the district court’s final judgment entering

summary judgment in favor of defendants Ryan Ericson, Matthew Mahaffie, and

Erin Page and dismissing Bredberg’s claims against defendants Sean Curran, Randy

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). Middaugh, Emily Swaim, Paul Anderson, Alex Callender, Doug Gresham, Diane

Hennessey, Kirk Prindle, and Niki Yonkow. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C.

§ 1291, and we affirm.

We review de novo dismissals pursuant to Federal Rules of Procedure

12(b)(6), 12(c) and 9(b). Vess v. Ciba-Geigy Corp. USA, 317 F.3d 1097, 1102 (9th

Cir. 2003); Living Designs, Inc. v. E.I. Dupont de Nemours & Co., 431 F.3d 353,

360 (9th Cir. 2005). In reviewing a motion to dismiss pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6), we

must accept as true all factual allegations in the complaint and draw all reasonable

inferences in favor of the nonmoving party. Retail Prop. Tr. v. United Bhd. of

Carpenters & Joiners of Am., 768 F.3d 938, 945 (9th Cir. 2014). To survive such a

motion, a complaint must allege “enough facts to state a claim to relief that is

plausible on its face.” Id., quoting Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570

(2007). Judgment on the pleadings is proper when, taking all the allegations in the

pleadings as true and construed in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party,

the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Living Designs, 431

F.3d at 360.

We also review a district court’s summary judgment de novo. Id. In

reviewing a summary judgment, “[w]e must determine, viewing the evidence in the

light most favorable to the nonmoving party, whether there are any genuine issues

of material fact and whether the district court correctly applied the relevant

2 substantive law.” Id. at 360–61.

To plead his claims sufficiently under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt

Organizations (RICO) Act, Bredberg must plead the existence of an “enterprise.”

See 18 U.S.C. § 1962(b)–(d). Under the RICO Act, an enterprise may be a legal

entity or an association-in-fact. See 18 U.S.C. § 1961(4); Odom v. Microsoft Corp.,

486 F.3d 541, 548 (9th Cir. 2007). To allege an association-in-fact, the complaint

must describe “a group of persons associated together for a common purpose of

engaging in a course of conduct” and must provide both “evidence of an ongoing

organization, formal or informal” and “evidence that the various associates function

as a continuing unit.” Id. at 549, quoting United States v. Turkette, 452 U.S. 576,

583 (1981). Importantly, “[t]he ‘enterprise’ is not the ‘pattern of racketeering

activity’; it is an entity separate and apart from the pattern of activity in which it

engages.” Id., quoting Turkette, 452 U.S. at 583.

The district court properly dismissed Bredberg’s claims against defendants

Curran, Middaugh, Swaim, Anderson, Callender, Gresham, Hennessey, Prindle, and

Yonkow because Bredberg failed to allege the existence of an “enterprise.” Here,

Bredberg does not allege a legal entity and fails to allege sufficiently the existence

of an association-in-fact. Bredberg does not allege sufficiently that the defendants

were “associated together for a common purpose,” “evidence of an ongoing

organization,” or that defendants “function as a continuing unit.” Id. Rather, the

3 defendants hold various wetland science professional positions from a variety of

organizations that are largely unrelated to each other. The alleged racketeering

activity is the only apparent connection among the defendants, which is not

sufficient to establish the existence of an enterprise.

The district court also properly granted summary judgment in favor of

defendants Ericson, Mahaffie, and Page because Bredberg failed to oppose those

defendants’ declarations stating that they did not form an enterprise or even interact

with many of the other defendants. Bredberg failed to provide any other evidence

sufficient to establish the existence of an enterprise. See Mendiola-Martinez v.

Arpaio, 836 F.3d 1239, 1247 (9th Cir. 2016) (holding that if a plaintiff “fails to make

a sufficient showing to support an element of her claims, summary judgment is

appropriate”), citing Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322–23 (1986).

AFFIRMED.

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