Jeffrey L. Force, a Single Man v. City of Phoenix, a Municipal Corporation

53 F.3d 338 NOTICE: Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3 provides that dispositions other than opinions or orders designated for publication are not precedential and should not be cited except when relevant under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, or collateral estoppel. Jeffrey L. FORCE, a single man, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. CITY OF PHOENIX, a municipal corporation, Defendant-Appellant. Nos. 93-15983, 93-16290. United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit. Argued and Submitted Nov. 14, 1994. Decided April 14, 1995. 1 Before: ALARCON and HALL, Circuit Judges, and KING, District Judge * . 2 MEMORANDUM ** 3 The City of Phoenix (the "City") appeals the district court's denial of the City's motion for directed verdict as well as various evidentiary rulings and jury instructions. We affirm. I. 4 The City first challenges a portion of the jury instructions. It argues that the district court improperly saddled it with the burden of persuasion on the issue of proximate cause. It also argues that the district court misstated the standard by which it had to prove that the revocation of Sgt. Force's permit was justified. 5 We review de novo the question of whether a jury instruction…