Garner

This appeal concerns the district court’s summary enforcement of administrative subpoenas duces tecum. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, acting as receiver for the American Commerce National Bank, subpoenaed Bank Directors, family members of the Directors, and organizations affiliated with the Directors. The FDIC petitioned for the subpoenas pursuant to an investigation of financial improprieties allegedly committed by the Bank Directors. We must determine the appropriate standards for the issuance of subpoenas duces tecum to bank directors, their family members, and affiliated businesses.

We affirm the district court’s enforcement of the subpoenas duces tecum.

I. FACTS

On April 30, 1993, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”) declared the American Commerce National Bank (“Bank”) to be in an unsafe and unsound condition to transact business and in imminent danger of default. The OCC also appointed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) as receiver for the Bank. In July, the FDIC issued an Order of Investigation delineating the purposes of its inquiry:

Gerald Garner, his wife, Joan Garner, and Galal Gough served on the Bank’s Board of…