Howard
Howard v. America Online Inc.
Opinion
Lead Opinion
Beezer, J.
Plaintiffs Alan M. Howard, R. Boris Greenberg, Kathryn Paraventi and Me-rhdad Etemad (“Plaintiffs”) sued America Online, Inc., James V. Kimsey, Stephen M. Case, Lennert J. Leader and 100 “Doe” and “Roe” defendants (collectively “AOL”) for: violations of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (“RICO”), 18 U.S.C. §§ 1962 (c), 1962(d); violations of the Communications Act of 1934, 47 U.S.C. §§ 151-613 ; false advertising in violation of California Business and Professional Code §§ 17500-17509; fraud and deceit; negligence; unfair business practices in violation of California Business and Profes *746 sional Code §§ 17200-17210; and declaratory and injunctive relief. The district court granted AOL’s motion to dismiss. We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291 , and we affirm.
I
Plaintiffs are subscribers of AOL, an “Internet (or information) service provider” (“ISP”) that provides Internet access, electronic mail (“e-mail”), online conferencing and information directories, entertainment, software, electronic publications and original programming. See generally 47 U.S.C. § 230 (f)(2) (West Supp.1999) (defining interactive computer service). The individual…