Havier

MEMORANDUM **

Quentin Havier pleaded guilty to one count of possession with intent to distribute marijuana, 21 U.S.C. § 841 (a)(1), preserving his right to challenge the district court’s denial of his motion to suppress. On appeal, he renews his challenge to the constitutionality of the stop and search of his vehicle by immigration officers at a temporary checkpoint. We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291 , and we affirm.

There is no dispute that brief checkpoint stops conducted by immigration officers are seizures within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment. See United States v. Martinez-Fuerte, 428 U.S. 543, 556 , 96 S.Ct. 3074 , 49 L.Ed.2d 1116 (1976). The Supreme Court held, however, that such seizures are constitutional, even absent reasonable suspicion, given the public interest in policing the entry of illegal aliens and the minimal intrusion on privacy *695 caused by the stop. Id. at 556-62 , 96 S.Ct. 3074 . We have applied Martinez-Fuerte and concluded that the practice of stopping all vehicles at a clearly visible, temporary checkpoint is not unreasonable under the Fourth Amendment, see United States v. Hernandez, 739 F.2d 484, 485 (9th Cir. 1984), even if…