Silva-Toro

MEMORANDUM **

Eduardo Silva-Toro and Marlene Silva, citizens of Peru, petition for review of the final order of the Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”), which denied their petitions for asylum and withholding of deportation. Silva-Toro also appeals the denial of his petition for voluntary departure. The facts and prior proceedings are known to the parties; they are not restated herein except as necessary.

I

Substantial evidence supports the BIA’s decision that Silva-Toro is statutorily ineligible for asylum, because the record indicates that he assisted in the persecution of others in a particular social group. No refugee will receive asylum if he “ordered, incited, assisted, or otherwise participated in the persecution of any member on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.” 8 C.F.R. § 208.13 (e)(2)(i)(E) (2000). See Laipenieks v. INS, 750 F.2d 1427, 1431 (9th Cir.1985) (In deportation case, culpability is not limited to those who persecute others with their own hands).

II

Substantial evidence supports the BIA’s finding that Silva is ineligible for asylum, because her fear of future persecution is based on her…