Wright

MEMORANDUM **

Pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 523 (a)(1)(B), a tax liability is not discharged if “(1) the tax underlying the tax liability debt required a return; and (2) the debtor failed to file the required return.” In re Hatton, 220 F.3d 1057, 1060 (9th Cir.2000), (quoting In re Jackson, 184 F.3d 1046, 1050 (9th Cir.1999)). Wright was required to file returns for the years in question but did not do so. Wright argues that he effectively filed tax returns pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 253 (a)(1)(B) when IRS agents obtained prepared, unsigned returns with a subpoena and interviewed Wright under oath in the context of a criminal prosecution for willful failure to file tax returns. A document qualifies as a return if: (1) it purports to be a return, (2) is executed by the taxpayer under penalty of perjury, (3) contains sufficient data to allow calculation of tax, and (4) represents “an honest and reasonable attempt to satisfy the requirements of the tax law.” Hatton, 220 F.3d at 1060 -61 (quoting In re Hindenlang, 164 F.3d 1029, 1033 (6th Cir.1999)).

The returns were not executed by Wright under penalty of perjury or otherwise. The oral oath administered in connection with the criminal…