Martinez-Vaca
United States v. Martinez-Vaca
Opinion
Lead Opinion
MEMORANDUM **
Maria Josefina Martinez-Vaca appeals her guilty-plea conviction and 6-month sentence for one count of importation of marijuana, in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 952 and 960. We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and 18 U.S.C. § 3742 , and we affirm.
Martinez-Vaca contends that 21 U.S.C. §§ 952 and 960 are unconstitutional under Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 490 , 120 S.Ct. 2348 , 147 L.Ed.2d 435 (2000) and United States v. Nordby, 225 F.3d 1053, 1058-59 (9th Cir.2000), overruled in part by United States v. Buckland, 289 F.3d 558, 568 (9th Cir.2002) (en banc) (overruling Nordby’s conclusion that Congress committed drug quantity to the sentencing judge to decide by a preponderance of the evidence), cert. denied, 2002 WL 764233 (U.S. May 28, 2002). This contention is foreclosed by our decisions in United States v. Varela-Rivera, 279 F.3d 1174 , 1175 n. 1 (9th Cir.2002) (concluding that Buckland , which determined that § 841 is constitutional, also precludes a challenge to the constitutionality of § 952), and United States v. Mendoza-Paz, 286 F.3d 1104, 1109-10 (9th Cir.2002) (concluding that Apprendi does not render § 960 facially…