Aguilar-Cardenas
United States v. Aguilar-Cardenas
Opinion
Lead Opinion
MEMORANDUM **
Betzy Aguilar-Cardenas appeals her conviction after pleading guilty to the charge of importation of marijuana in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 952 , 960. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and we affirm.
Aguilar-Cardenas first argues that 21 U.S.C. § 952 and § 960 are unconstitutional in light of Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466 , 120 S.Ct. 2348 , 147 L.Ed.2d 435 (2000). We have recently rejected this argument. See United States v. Mendoza-Paz, 286 F.3d 1104, 1110 (9th Cir.2002) (finding § 960 constitutional against a challenge based on Apprendi)-, United States v. Varela-Rivera, 279 F.3d 1174 , 1175 n. 1 (9th Cir.2002) (finding § 952 constitutional despite the rule in Apprendi).
Aguilar-Cardenas next contends that the indictment is insufficient because it did not allege mens rea as to drug type and quantity. This contention is also foreclosed. United States v. Camnza, 289 F.3d 634, 644 (9th Cir.2002) (Mens rea as to drug type and quantity need not be alleged in the indictment nor found by a jury).
Lastly, Aguilar-Cardenas contends that, in connection with her Rule 11 plea colloquy, the government should have informed her that it would have to prove drug…