Barron

MEMORANDUM **

Appellant Jessie Barron (“Barron”) waived the right to challenge the admissibility of his prior conviction by introducing the conviction on direct examination. Ohler v. United States, 529 U.S. 753, 760 , 120 S.Ct. 1851 , 146 L.Ed.2d 826 (2000) (“a defendant who preemptively introduces evidence of a prior conviction on direct examination may not on appeal claim that the admission of such evidence was error”).

Moreover, even if Barron did not waive the issue and we were to assume that the district court erred by permitting the gov- *346 eminent to cross-examine Barron about the conviction, any error was undoubtedly harmless. The focus on the prior conviction was minimal, and the government made no reference to it in closing argument. See United States v. HernandezMiranda, 601 F.2d 1104 , 1109 n. 10 (9th Cir.1979) (“The extent to which the Government relies upon the inadmissible prior offense evidence is a factor which can be considered in deciding whether reversible error resulted.”).

The money laundering jury instruction, read as a whole, did not conflict with the indictment or relieve the prosecution of its burden of establishing that the proceeds were derived…