Friedman

*876 Presently before the court is Defendants' Motion to Dismiss. Having considered the parties' submissions, the court adopts the following Order.

I. BACKGROUND

Plaintiff Jerald Friedman ("Friedman") brings this putative class action against defendants AARP, Inc., AARP Services Inc., AARP Insurance Plan, UnitedHealth Group, Inc., and United Healthcare Insurance Company (collectively, "Defendants"). (Complaint, ¶¶ 22-30.) The court has already set forth the basic facts of the case in its prior Order, (Dkt. No. 50), which it repeats here in relevant part:

In 2011, Friedman purchased a type of health insurance policy, known as a "Medigap" policy, which is designed to offer extra coverage to Medicare beneficiaries beyond the basic Medicare benefits, including coverage of copays and deductibles that would otherwise be the patient's responsibility. ( Id. ¶ 35.) Friedman purchased a Medigap policy that was endorsed by AARP, with UnitedHealth as the insurer. ( Id. ¶¶ 22, 37.) All UnitedHealth Medigap policies are endorsed by AARP. ( Id. ¶ 37.) For every AARP/UnitedHealth Medigap policy sold, AARP receives a payment of 4.95% of the amount paid by the insured individual. ( Id. ¶…