United States v. Mark Forrester

MEMORANDUM

Mark Stephen Forrester appeals his conviction and sentence for conspiracy to manufacture and distribute ecstasy in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 846 , 841(a)(1). He raises two arguments. We address each in turn and affirm.

We review de novo the district court’s decision to preclude Forrester from presenting the defense that ecstasy should not be a Schedule I controlled substance. United States v. Forrester, 616 F.3d 929, 934 (9th Cir.2010) [Forrester II]. Forrester II has already decided this issue, holding that “substantive collateral attacks on permanent scheduling orders are impermissible in criminal cases where defendants’ sentences will be determined by those scheduling orders.” Id. at 937 . Forrester II is the law of the circuit and the law of the case. See Gonzalez v. Arizona, 677 F.3d 383 , 389 n. 4 (9th Cir.2012) (en banc). All of Forrester’s controlled substance scheduling arguments, including this one, were either decided explicitly or addressed by necessary implication in Forrester II. See United States v. Lummi Indian Tribe, 235 F.3d 443, 452 (9th Cir.2000).

We review factual findings related to the estimated yield of seized drug-making materials for clear…