Raymer
United States v. Raymer
Concurring Opinion
Reinhardt, J.
concurring.
Judge Reinhardt concurs for the reason stated in the above memorandum disposition, but would reverse on other grounds as well, including the absence of any evidence that a “threat” was made.
Lead Opinion
MEMORANDUM **
Defendant-Appellant Bret Raymer (“Raymer”) was convicted of a single count of mailing a threatening communication in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 876 , a required element of which is that the communica *670 tion be mailed to “another person.” It is undisputed that Raymer’s communication was mailed to the Modesto California Parking Citations Division. The government’s argument that 1 U.S.C. § 1 defines “person” to include a corporation or municipal corporation fails because the context of 18 U.S.C. § 876 makes clear that “person” means a natural person:
The government has failed to prove that Raymer sent a letter to a natural person and therefore the charge must fail. See United States v. Arias, 575 F.2d 258, 254 (9th Cir.1978) (explaining that government has the burden of proving each essential element of a crime).
REVERSED. 1
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and may not be cited to or by the courts of this circuit except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
. A panel Order was filed on July 17, 2003, directing Appellant’s release from custody.