*128 MEMORANDUM *

The Plaintiffs-Appellants appeal the district court’s judgment dismissing the action and denying reconsideration. The district court held that Article III standing had not been established. We consider de novo a district court’s dismissal for lack of subject matter jurisdiction under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(1). McGraw v. United States, 281 F.3d 997, 1001 (9th Cir.2002), as amended, 298 F.3d 754 (9th Cir.2002).

To establish standing, APORPMA must meet three requirements. First, APORPMA “must show that [they have] suffered an ‘injury-in-fact’ to a legally-protected interest that is both ‘concrete and particularized’ and ‘actual and imminent,’ as opposed to ‘conjectural’ or ‘hypothetical.’ ” LSO, Ltd, v. Stroh, 205 F.3d 1146, 1152 (9th Cir.2000) (citation omitted). Second, APORPMA “must show a causal connection between the injury and the conduct complained of.” Id. at 1153 . Third, APORPMA must show that it is “ ‘likely’not merely speculative-that [their] injury will be ‘redressed by a favorable decision.’ ” Id. (citation omitted).

APORPMA has cited a number of incidents in which they allege the Suquamish tribe has unlawfully exercised jurisdiction over them. This showing of past enforcement consists of three traffic citations since 1982, a consensual search conducted by Tribal police and County authorities, and a stop work order issued by the County. While these events demonstrate that the Tribe has exercised its jurisdiction to a minimal degree, APORPMA’s allegations do not establish a “sufficiently imminent threat of injury” to create a case or controversy. Mayfield v. Dalton, 109 F.3d 1423, 1425 (9th Cir.1997).

APORPMA. also alleges that they will be injured by sewage and traffic problems resulting from the proposed Angeline housing development. However, there is no evidence that APORPMA faces any actual and imminent injury. Any threat of injury is at best remote and speculative, and courts “have repeatedly found a lack of standing where the litigant’s claim relies upon a chain of speculative contingencies.” Lee v. Oregon, 107 F.3d 1382, 1389 (9th Cir.1997) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).

APORPMA alleges that non-Indians residing on Tribal lands face a constant threat of enforcement of Tribal laws or exercise of Tribal jurisdiction. Appellants’ Opening Brief at 22-23. However, “neither the mere existence of a proscriptive statute nor a generalized threat of prosecution satisfies the ‘case or controversy’ requirement.” Thomas v. Anchorage Equal Rights Comm’n, 220 F.3d 1134 , 1139 (9th Cir.2000)(en banc).

In short, APORPMA has not presented a case or controversy sufficient to warrant consideration of the issues presented. The district court’s dismissal for lack of subject matter jurisdiction is AFFIRMED.

This disposition is not appropriate for publication and may not be cited to or by the courts of this circuit except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.