Aguilar

MEMORANDUM **

*971 Filomeno De Leon Aguilar (“De Leon”) petitions for review of a final order issued by the Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) summarily affirming an Immigration Judge’s (“IJ”) denial of asylum and withholding of removal. De Leon’s wife and three children filed derivative petitions. We deny review.

DISCUSSION

To qualify for asylum, De Leon was required to show he was unwilling to return to Guatemala “because of persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution on account of ... political opinion.” See Khup v. Ashcroft, 376 F.3d 898, 903 (9th Cir.2004) (internal quotation omitted). To obtain withholding of removal, De Leon was required to show he would more likely than not be subjected to persecution if forced to return to Guatemala. See id. at 905 . Because the BIA summarily affirmed, we review the IJ’s opinion. See Mansour v. Ashcroft, 390 F.3d 667, 671 (9th Cir.2004). The IJ’s findings are reviewed for substantial evidence. See Narayan v. Ashcroft, 384 F.3d 1065, 1067 (9th Cir.2004).

De Leon claims he was persecuted after he stopped participating in mandatory civil patrols and refused to report to the military. He left his home and family, worked in more…