Turner

MEMORANDUM **

William Vance Turner appeals from the 192-month sentence imposed following his guilty-plea conviction for bank robbery, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2113 (a). We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291 , and we affirm.

Turner contends that his guilty plea was not knowing and voluntary because he was confused as to whether he could appeal the denial of pre-trial motions. However, on appeal Turner does not seek to challenge the denial of any pre-trial motions, but rather solely challenges his sentence. Because Turner’s plea agreement preserves his right to challenge his sentence, his challenge to the validity of his guilty plea is irrelevant. Moreover, any confusion does not prejudice Turner on appeal, because he has not challenged any of the trial court’s pre-trial rulings. Cf. United States v. Cortez, 973 F.2d 764, 767-68 (9th Cir.1992).

With respect to the challenge to his sentence, Turner contends that the district court procedurally erred by failing to appreciate the significance of abuse he suffered while in prison and by failing to address his susceptibility to future abuse. The record reflects that the district court did not procedurally err. See United…