Joseph

MEMORANDUM **

Earl A. Joseph appeals his jury convictions deriving from his participation in four bank robberies dating from January 1996 to April 1996. A jury convicted him on two counts of aiding and abetting armed bank robbery, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 2 (a), 2113(a), (d); two counts of aiding and abetting the use of a firearm in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 2 (a), 924(c) in relation to those two armed bank robberies; and two counts of aiding and abetting bank robbery in connection with the remaining two robberies, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 2 (a), 2113(a). The District Court sentenced Joseph to 384 months in prison for these crimes. Because the parties are familiar with the underlying facts and procedural history of the case, we do not recite them here.

Joseph now appeals on three grounds. We address each of these seriatim.

A. Sufficiency of the Evidence to Convict Joseph of the Gun Crimes Deriving from the FSC Federal Credit Union Robbery

There is sufficient evidence to support a conviction if, “viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution,” a rational jury could have found the “essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.” Jackson…