Manrique

MEMORANDUM **

Claudia Marcela Ocampo Manrique, a native and citizen of Colombia, petitions for review of an order of the Board of Immigration Appeals affirming an Immigration Judge’s (“IJ”) denial of her application for asylum, withholding of removal, and relief under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). We have jurisdiction pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1252 . Reviewing for substantial evidence, see Gu v. Gonzales, 454 F.3d 1014, 1018 (9th Cir.2006), we deny the petition.

Ocampo Manrique relies on an incident in which she was kidnaped by her boyfriend as evidence of past persecution. We are not persuaded. Substantial evir dence supports the finding that this crime was not based on a protected ground. See Ochave v. INS, 254 F.3d 859, 865-66 (9th Cir.2001) (requiring alien to establish nexus between alleged persecution and protected ground). Additionally, Ocampo Manrique’s reliance on threatening phone calls as evidence of past persecution is unavailing. See Lim v. INS, 224 F.3d 929, 936 (9th Cir.2000) (holding that threats standing alone generally do not constitute past persecution). We are also not persuaded that the threatening calls were made on account of a protected ground. See…