Salman

*307 MEMORANDUM **

Ahmed Salman, a native and citizen of Iraq, petitions for review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”) decision summarily affirming the Immigration Judge’s (“U”) order denying his application for asylum, withholding of removal, and protection under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). We have jurisdiction pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1252 . We review for substantial evidence, INS v. Elias-Zacarias, 502 U.S. 478 , 481 n. 1, 112 S.Ct. 812 , 117 L.Ed.2d 38 (1992), and we deny the petition for review.

Even assuming that Salman established asylum eligibility based on a protected ground, substantial evidence supports the IJ’s finding that the single threat Salman received as a result of his refusal to provide free automotive services to the Ba’athist Iraqi military members was insufficient to support a finding of past persecution. See Nahrvani v. Gonzales, 399 F.3d 1148, 1153-54 (9th Cir.2005) (vague written threats which did not indicate impending physical violence did not rise to the level of persecution).

Salman also contends that his lost profits resulting from his refusal to provide free services to officers demonstrate substantial economic deprivation…