Zadoryan

MEMORANDUM **

Hrach Zadoryan, a citizen of Armenia, petitions for review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”) decision affirming in part the Immigration Judge’s (“U”) denial of his application for asylum, withholding of removal, and relief under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). We have jurisdiction pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1252 .

Where, as here, it is unclear whether the BIA conducted a de novo review, we may “look to the IJ’s oral decision as a guide to what lay behind the BIA’s conclusion.” Avetova-Elisseva v. INS, 213 F.3d 1192, 1197 (9th Cir.2000). We review for substantial evidence, Katana v. INS, 232 F.3d *283 1107, 1112 (9th Cir.2000), and we deny the petition in part, grant it in part, and remand.

Substantial evidence supports the BIA’s denial of Zadoryan’s CAT claim because he did not show that it is more likely than not that he would be tortured if he returned to Armenia. See Malhi v. INS, 336 F.3d 989, 993 (9th Cir.2003).

Substantial evidence also supports the BIA’s finding that Zadoryan did not establish past persecution because the two detentions, interrogation, and minimal physical harm he endured did not rise to the level of persecution. See Gu v.…