Petai

MEMORANDUM ***

Maria Nadia Petai (“Petai”) petitions for review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”) decision summarily affirming the Immigration Judge’s (IJ) decision denying her application for asylum, withholding of removal, and relief under the Convention Against Torture.

An applicant who has established past persecution shall be presumed to have a well-founded fear of future persecution. See 8 C.F.R. § 208.13 (b)(1). The burden shifts to the government to show by a preponderance of the evidence that there has been a fundamental change in circumstances such that the applicant no longer has a well-founded fear of future persecution. See id.; Deloso v. Ashcroft, 393 F.3d 858, 863-64 (9th Cir.2005).

Because the BIA affirmed the IJ’s ruling without an opinion, the IJ’s decision is the final agency action for purposes of this appeal. See Nuru v. Gonzales, 404 F.3d 1207, 1215 (9th Cir.2005). We review factual findings for substantial evidence. See Hernandez-Montiel v. INS, 225 F.3d 1084, 1090 (9th Cir.2000). The IJ found that Petai, as a teenager, had been persecuted by the communist government in Romania, but concluded that evidence of changed country conditions in…