Pena

MEMORANDUM *

Mauricio Pena appeals the Board of Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”) denial of his application for asylum, withholding of removal, and relief under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). We deny the petition.

We reject the government’s position that we must remand to the BIA to decide in the first instance whether Pena is a member of a social group for the purposes of asylum or withholding of removal. The BIA issued a final decision holding that Pena “is not eligible for asylum or withholding of removal” because “he failed to establish that he is a member of a particular social group.” Consequently, the BIA ruled on the issue, and we have jurisdiction pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1252 .

We review de novo questions of law raised in a petition for review. Murillo-Espinoza v. INS, 261 F.3d 771, 773 (9th Cir.2001). Pena does not meet the statutory definition of refugee and has not established that he is eligible for asylum or •withholding of removal because, regardless of whether Pena is a current gang member, former gang member, or imputed gang member, he does not meet the Ninth Circuit’s definition of a social group. Arteaga v. Mukasey, 511 F.3d 940, 945-46 (9th Cir.2007).…