NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS DEC 20 2022

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

ED HULL, an individual, No. 21-56252

Plaintiff-Appellant, D.C. No. 2:21-cv-05297-PA-PD v.

WILLIAM LITTLE, an individual, MEMORANDUM*

Defendant-Appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California Percy Anderson, District Judge, Presiding

Submitted June 14, 2022** Pasadena, California

Before: RAWLINSON and CHRISTEN, Circuit Judges, and SIMON,*** District Judge.

This appeal involves a challenge to the terms of a permanent injunction

issued under Rule 65 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. We review de novo a

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). *** The Honorable Michael H. Simon, United States District Judge for the District of Oregon, sitting by designation. challenge to an injunction on specificity grounds under Rule 65(d).1 Premier

Commc’ns Network, Inc. v. Fuentes, 880 F.2d 1096, 1100 (9th Cir. 1989). For the

reasons explained below, we conclude that the challenged injunction sufficiently

complies with the specificity requirement of Rule 65(d).

Ed Hull (Hull) filed this action against William Little (Little), the owner of

real property containing Kenny’s Q Bar-B-Q restaurant. Hull alleged that the

property violated the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), as well as state law,

by failing to provide an adequate disabled parking space, proper disabled parking

space signage, and accessible routes of travel. Hull, a permanently disabled

individual, alleged that Little’s ADA violation prevented Hull from visiting and

enjoying Kenny’s Q Bar-B-Q on two occasions.

In his complaint, Hull did not request a specific timeframe for the

completion of the remedial work. Little did not file a responsive pleading or

otherwise appear in the lawsuit, and the district court entered an order of default. In

Hull’s proposed default judgment, he requested an order directing Little to

complete the required work within 180 days. The district court granted Hull’s

motion for default judgment and ordered Little “to provide accessible exterior

paths of travel, accessible ramps, accessible parking, and an access aisle with

1 Rule 65(d) requires every order granting an injunction to “state its terms specifically.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 65(d)(1)(B).

2 compliant signage” at the property. The district court, however, did not set a

deadline for the completion of that work.

On appeal, Hull argues that the judgment fails to meet the specificity

requirement under Rule 65(d) because it does not include a deadline for

compliance. Because Hull failed to request a deadline in his complaint and because

our precedent does not dictate the level of specificity sought by Hull, we affirm.

We note that we have not previously explicitly addressed whether

Rule 65(d) requires a mandatory injunction to include a deadline, or timeframe, for

compliance. In Fortyune v. Am. Multi-Cinema, Inc., 364 F.3d 1075, 1086-87 (9th

Cir. 2004), we reviewed a challenge to the specificity of a permanent injunction

ordering compliance with the ADA. The injunction in Fortyune required the

defendant, a movie theater operator, to modify its policies regarding seating

options for wheelchair-bound patrons in its theaters but included no deadline to do

so. Id. at 1079. On appeal, the defendant, challenging the enforceability of the

injunction, argued that the injunction violated Rule 65(d) because it failed to

specify how the defendant should modify its policies to provide adequate seating

options. Id. at 1087. We explained that we “will not set aside injunctions under

Rule 65(d) unless they are so vague that they have no reasonably specific

meaning.” Id. (internal quotation marks omitted) (quoting United States v. V-1 Oil

Co., 63 F.3d 909, 913 (9th Cir. 1995)). We held that Rule 65(d) does not require

3 the district court to “elucidate how to enforce the injunction.” Id. (emphasis in

original). Thus, we concluded that the injunction did not violate Rule 65(d)

because it was “quite clear,” “even though it decline[d] to provide AMC with

explicit instructions on the appropriate means to accomplish [its] directive.” Id.

Similarly, in Molski v. Foley Ests. Vineyard & Winery, LLC, 531 F.3d 1043,

1050 (9th Cir. 2008), we held that the district court did not abuse its discretion by

ordering the defendant to bring its property into compliance with the ADA. The

injunction in Molski, like the injunction here, did not include any specific deadline

for compliance. See Molski v. Foley Ests. Vineyard & Winery, LLC, No. CV 03-

9393 CBM (RCX), 2006 WL 8447962, at *10 (C.D. Cal. Aug. 23, 2006), aff’d in

part, rev’d in part, and remanded, 531 F.3d 1043 (9th Cir. 2008).

AFFIRMED.

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