NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS DEC 20 2022

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

DANIEL NERSOYAN, as an individual, No. 21-55724

Plaintiff-Appellant, D.C. No. 2:19-cv-08109-SVW-MAA v.

COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES, a county MEMORANDUM* corporation,

Defendant-Appellee,

and

COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES SHERIFFS

DEPARTMENT, a public entity; JAMES MCDONNELL, individually/in his official capacity; and KENNETH COLLINS, individually/in his official capacity,

Defendants.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California Stephen V. Wilson, District Judge, Presiding

Submitted June 14, 2022** Pasadena, California

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). Before: RAWLINSON and CHRISTEN, Circuit Judges, and SIMON,*** District Judge.

For the reasons explained below, we dismiss this appeal for lack of appellate

jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291.

Kenneth Collins (Collins) was a Deputy Sheriff with the Los Angeles

County Sheriff’s Department (LASD) on May 28, 2014. While wearing his

uniform and driving an LASD patrol vehicle, Collins conducted a traffic stop of an

associate of Daniel Nersoyan (Nersoyan). During this stop, Collins seized

$158,000 in cash that Nersoyan’s associate was transporting. After contacting the

LASD, Nersoyan was informed that the LASD had no record of any recent traffic

stop or seizure of cash by Collins. Nersoyan timely filed tort claim notices.

More than three years later, Collins was arrested on unrelated federal drug

charges and admitted in his plea agreement that he illegally seized approximately

$160,000 during a traffic stop on May 28, 2014. The FBI informed Nersoyan, who

then filed this lawsuit, alleging federal and state claims. Nersoyan sued the County

of Los Angeles (the County), the LASD, Sheriff James McDonnell (in both his

individual and official capacities), Collins (in both his individual and official

capacities), and ten “Doe” defendants.

*** The Honorable Michael H. Simon, United States District Judge for the District of Oregon, sitting by designation.

2 Nersoyan served the County, which appeared through counsel. Nersoyan

also served Collins, who did not respond. Nersoyan never served Sheriff

McDonnell in his individual capacity. The district court entered an order to show

cause why portions of the case should not be dismissed because Nersoyan: (1) did

not serve Sheriff McDonnell in his individual capacity; and (2) had not moved for

default against Collins. In response, Nersoyan’s counsel explained that his initial

“impression” that the County’s counsel was defending all defendants had turned

out to be incorrect. Nersoyan, however, never served Sheriff McDonnell in his

individual capacity and never dismissed Collins or sought a default judgment

against him. The district court dismissed all claims against Sheriff McDonnell in

his individual capacity.1

In July 2020, the district court granted in part the County’s motion to

dismiss and bifurcated the proceedings to consider only Nersoyan’s federal claims

under § 1983. In October 2020, the County moved for summary judgment,

primarily arguing that Nersoyan’s claims were time-barred. The district court

1 A claim against a state or municipal officer in an official capacity is treated as a claim against the entity itself. Kentucky v. Graham, 473 U.S. 159, 166 (1985) (“As long as the government entity receives notice and an opportunity to respond, an official-capacity suit is, in all respects other than name, to be treated as a suit against the entity.”). Even if we ignore the continued presence in this lawsuit of Sheriff McDonnell in his official capacity, Collins in his official capacity, and the LASD, that would not cure the jurisdictional defect in this case caused by the fact that Collins, who also was served and sued in his individual capacity, was never dismissed or defaulted in this case.

3 agreed, granting summary judgment in favor of the County on Nersoyan’s federal

claims and declining to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over Nersoyan’s state

claims. Although the district court did not enter a final judgment or otherwise

resolve Nersoyan’s claim against Collins in his individual capacity, Nersoyan filed

this appeal. Thus, unresolved claims remain against Collins in his individual

capacity.

A final judgment under 28 U.S.C. § 1291 is “a decision by the District Court

that ends the litigation on the merits and leaves nothing for the court to do but

execute the judgment.” Dannenberg v. Software Toolworks Inc., 16 F.3d 1073,

1074 (9th Cir. 1994) (citation omitted); see Patchick v. Kensington Pub. Corp., 743

F.2d 675, 677 (9th Cir. 1984) (“When, however, defendants remain in the action

upon whom service has been made, we cannot assume that the action is final.”).

Without certification pursuant to Rule 54(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil

Procedure, an order entering judgment against some, but not all, parties in a

lawsuit is not a final order appealable under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. See Fed. R. Civ. P.

54(b) (“[T]he court may direct entry of a final judgment as to one or more, but

fewer than all, claims or parties only if the court expressly determines that there is

no just reason for delay.”); Chacon v. Babcock, 640 F.2d 221, 222 (9th Cir. 1981)

(dismissing appeal for lack of appellate jurisdiction over order granting only partial

summary judgment).

4 The final judgment rule reflected in 28 U.S.C. § 1291 is jurisdictional.

Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. v. Risjord, 449 U.S. 368, 379 (1981). “Under § 1291

of the Judicial Code, federal courts of appeals are empowered to review only ‘final

decisions of the district courts.’” Microsoft Corp. v. Baker, 137 S. Ct. 1702, 1707

(2017) (quoting 28 U.S.C. § 1291). “Subject-matter jurisdiction cannot be forfeited

or waived and should be considered when fairly in doubt.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556

U.S. 662, 671 (2009); see United States v. Storage Spaces Designated Nos. 8 & 49

Located at 277 E. Douglas, Visalia, Cal., 777 F.2d 1363, 1365 n.2 (9th Cir. 1985)

(“[S]ubject-matter jurisdiction cannot be conceded.”). Accordingly, “[i]f the

appellate court finds that the order from which a party seeks to appeal does not fall

within the statute, its inquiry is over.” Firestone Tire & Rubber Co., 449 U.S. at

379. That is the situation here.

APPEAL DISMISSED.

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