NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS OCT 23 2023

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

RYAN CRAM; et al., No. 22-35321 D.C. No. 6:20-cv-00544-MK Plaintiffs-Appellants, U.S. District Court for Oregon, and Eugene

BARBARA GRABBEL; et al.,

MEMORANDUM*

Plaintiffs,

v.

SERVICE EMPLOYEES

INTERNATIONAL UNION LOCAL 503,

OREGON PUBLIC EMPLOYEES UNION,

a labor organization and KATY COBA, in her official capacity as Director of the Oregon Department of Administrative Services,

Defendants-Appellees.

Appeal from the U.S. District Court for the District of Oregon Mustafa Kasubhai, Magistrate Judge, Presiding

Submitted October 19, 2023 San Francisco, California

Before: W. FLETCHER, NGUYEN, and R. NELSON, Circuit Judges.

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. Plaintiffs are Oregon State employees who voluntarily joined the Service

Employees International Union Local 503 (“Union”), the exclusive bargaining

representative for their unit. Plaintiffs signed membership agreements that

authorized the deduction of “all Union dues and other fees or assessments.”

Plaintiffs later resigned their union membership, and the Union notified them that

their deductions would continue until the window period for revoking authorization.1

Plaintiffs raise First Amendment claims against the Union and Katy Coba, Director

of the Oregon Department of Administrative Services, under Section 1983. The

district court granted summary judgment for defendants. We have jurisdiction under

28 U.S.C. § 1291 and affirm.

1. Plaintiffs assert that they were not given an informed choice about

whether to pay the $2.75 per month “Issues Fund” fee, which amounts to a political

charge, and that the deduction procedure was impermissibly controlled by the Union.

See Knox v. Serv. Emps. Int’l Union, Loc. 1000, 567 U.S. 298, 316 (2012). Plaintiffs

argue that they were not members of the Union when they originally executed their

membership agreements and that, after they resigned their union membership, they

became nonmembers. But the “procedural safeguards” that protect nonmembers

from the risk of compelled political speech do not apply here since Plaintiffs were

1 Plaintiff Ryan Cram is the only exception. His payroll deductions terminated shortly after his resignation of membership.

2 voluntary union members. See Knox, 567 U.S. at 316; Belgau v. Inslee, 975 F.3d

940, 951–52 (9th Cir. 2020) (rejecting the argument that the language in Janus v.

Am. Fed’n of State, Cnty., & Mun. Emps., Council 31, 138 S. Ct. 2448, 2486 (2018)

about “waiver” applies to union members at the time they enter into their

membership agreement).

2. Plaintiffs similarly assert that under Janus, defendants

unconstitutionally deduced political charges from their wages as nonmembers

because there is not “clear and compelling evidence” that they waived their First

Amendment rights. But this Court has held that Janus does not reach those “who

affirmatively signed up to be union members.” Belgau, 965 F.3d at 944.

3. The Union also did not engage in state action. See Lugar v. Edmondson

Oil Co., 457 U.S. 922 (1982). Any harm from the union deductions is caused by the

membership agreements which Plaintiffs freely signed. On similar facts, we

declined to find state action under Lugar in Belgau, 975 F.3d at 946–47.

Nor is the Union a state actor under the “joint action” or “governmental

nexus” tests that guide our analysis under Lugar’s second prong. See Tsao v. Desert

Palace, Inc., 698 F.3d 1128, 1140 (9th Cir. 2012). The state’s transmission of an

assessment to a union after an employee authorizes such deductions does not give

rise to a section 1983 claim against the union under the “joint action” test. See

Belgau, 975 F.3d at 947–49. Similarly, “ministerial processing of payroll deductions

3 pursuant to [e]mployees’ authorizations” does not create a nexus between the state

and the Union. Id. at 947–48 & n.2.

AFFIRMED.

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