NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS JAN 24 2024

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

OLGA DE JESUS ARGUETA DE No. 17-72269 HERNANDEZ; et al., Agency Nos. A208-677-038 Petitioners, A208-677-039

v.

MEMORANDUM*

MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General,

Respondent.

On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals

Submitted January 17, 2024**

Before: S.R. THOMAS, McKEOWN, and HURWITZ, Circuit Judges.

Olga De Jesus Argueta De Hernandez and her son, natives and citizens of El

Salvador, petition for review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”) order

dismissing their appeal from an immigration judge’s (“IJ”) decision denying their

applications for asylum, withholding of removal, and protection under the

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C.

§ 1252. We review de novo questions of law. Mohammed v. Gonzales, 400 F.3d

785, 791-92 (9th Cir. 2005). We grant the petition for review and remand.

The BIA stated it found no clear error in the IJ’s determination that

petitioners did not establish that Salvadoran gangs were or would be motivated to

harm them on account of their proposed particular social groups. After the BIA’s

decision and the briefing in this case, this court held that “the BIA reviews the IJ’s

underlying factual findings, such as what a persecutor’s motive may be, for clear

error. . . . But the BIA must review de novo whether a persecutor’s motives meet

the nexus legal standards.” See Umana-Escobar v. Garland, 69 F.4th 544, 552

(9th Cir. 2023). The BIA did not have the benefit of Umana-Escobar, and it is

unclear what standard of review the BIA applied to the nexus determinations in

petitioners’ case.

Thus, we grant the petition for review as to petitioners’ asylum and

withholding of removal claims, and remand to the BIA to apply the proper

standard of review, and to conduct any other necessary further proceedings

consistent with this decision. See INS v. Ventura, 537 U.S. 12, 16-18 (2002) (per

curiam). Because petitioners do not challenge the BIA’s CAT determination, we

do not address it. See Lopez-Vasquez v. Holder, 706 F.3d 1072, 1079-80 (9th Cir.

2013).

2 Each party must bear its own costs for this petition for review.

The temporary stay of removal remains in place until the mandate issues.

PETITION FOR REVIEW GRANTED; REMANDED.

3