facts on the record are therefore consistent with the existence of a valid agreement

between MGM and Long. And Long’s “conclusory, self-serving” statement in his

affidavit that he disputes the validity of the agreements “is insufficient to raise a

genuine issue of material fact.” Bohmker v. Oregon, 903 F.3d 1029, 1044 (9th Cir.

1 “A marker is a gambling credit instrument that allows a gambler to receive all or

part of the credit line the casino has approved for him . . . . Once the gambler and a casino representative sign the marker, the gambler may exchange the marker for gambling tokens, or chips.” Las Vegas Sands, LLC v. Nehme, 632 F.3d 526, 529 (9th Cir. 2011).

2 2018) (quoting FTC v. Publ’g Clearing House, Inc., 104 F.3d 1168, 1171 (9th Cir.

1997)).

2. Long also argues that, even if he initially agreed to pay the amounts on the

disputed markers, he lacked the capacity to consent to such an agreement because

he was intoxicated at the time the markers were presented to him. Under Nevada

law, a “person incurs only voidable contractual duties by entering into a transaction

if the other party has reason to know that by reason of intoxication” he is unable to

“understand . . . the transaction” or to “act in a reasonable manner in relation to the

transaction.” LaBarbera v. Wynn Las Vegas, LLC, 422 P.3d 138, 141 (Nev. 2018)

(quoting Restatement (Second) of Contracts § 16 (Am. L. Inst. 1981)). To void the

contract, Nevada “recognizes a duty on the part of an intoxicated person to

promptly disaffirm the contract.” Id.

Long points to no evidence that he disaffirmed any agreement with MGM.

On the contrary, the record shows that Long made multiple payments on the

markers between 2018 and 2020. MGM sent Long a letter in March of 2021

providing him with the total amount of his outstanding debt and warning him that

it would seek to enforce the debt unless he disputed its validity within 30 days. The

record contains no evidence that Long ever responded. Accordingly, even if Long

has raised a valid dispute regarding his level of intoxication, the undisputed facts

show that Long ratified the markers after his visit to MGM.

3 3. Long makes several arguments that the district court erred in granting

summary judgment to MGM on its conversion claim. None of these arguments,

however, was raised before the district court. “Absent exceptional circumstances,

we generally will not consider arguments raised for the first time on appeal . . . .”

AMA Multimedia, LLC v. Wanat, 970 F.3d 1201, 1213 (9th Cir. 2020). And Long

points to no “exceptional circumstances” here.

AFFIRMED.

4