FILED

NOT FOR PUBLICATION

FEB 28 2024

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

DENNIS RIVERA-TRIGUEROS, No. 23-110

Petitioner, Agency No.

A044-803-246

v.

MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney MEMORANDUM* General,

Respondent.

On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals

Argued and Submitted February 15, 2024 Pasadena, California

Before: TALLMAN, IKUTA, and OWENS, Circuit Judges.

Dennis Rivera-Trigueros, a native and citizen of El Salvador, petitions for

review of an order from the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) dismissing his

appeal of a final order of removal issued by an Immigration Judge (IJ). The BIA

dismissed Rivera-Trigueros’s appeal after the IJ denied his application for deferral

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. of removal under the Convention Against Torture, 8 C.F.R. § 1208.17. We have

jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(1), and we deny the petition for review.

Under the circumstances of this case, we review “the reasons explicitly

identified by the BIA, and then examine the reasoning articulated in the IJ’s oral

decision in support of those reasons.” Guo v. Sessions, 897 F.3d 1208, 1214 n.4

(9th Cir. 2018) (citation omitted). Substantial evidence supports the agency’s

determination that Rivera-Trigueros failed to establish that he is more likely than

not to suffer future torture inflicted by, or at the instigation of, or with the consent

or acquiescence of, a person acting in an official capacity in El Salvador. 8 C.F.R.

§§ 1208.16(c)(2), 1208.18(a)(1). Contrary to Rivera-Trigueros’s arguments, the

country conditions evidence he submitted does not compel the conclusion that he

will more likely than not be tortured upon removal to El Salvador. The most

specific data in the record, a 2020 Human Rights Watch (HRW) report, indicated

that the risk of a deportee to El Salvador being tortured was under one percent.

The country conditions evidence contained no additional data on the number of

deportees who were tortured upon removal to El Salvador.

The agency’s decision to discount the expert testimony of Dr. Alfonso

Gonzales as unreliable was also supported by substantial evidence, see 8 U.S.C.

§ 1252(b)(4)(B), and was neither based on “mischaracteriz[ations] [of] the record”

2 nor “belied by the record,” Cole v. Holder, 659 F.3d 762, 773 (9th Cir. 2011).

Although Dr. Gonzales stated that there was a 90 percent chance that Rivera-

Trigueros would be “caught up in [the] El Salvadoran gang dragnet,” he admitted

that “a definitive statistically verifiable number” is impossible to calculate and any

available data is unreliable. The IJ found, and the BIA correctly upheld, that Dr.

Gonzales did not rely on any “data, research, or quantitative study to establish what

is likely to happen to individuals removed from” the United States to El Salvador,

and that he was “uninformed vis-à-vis individuals arrested and tortured in El

Salvador under the government’s temporary emergency powers to crack down on

gangs.” The agency did not discount Dr. Gonzales’s testimony “for the sole reason

that it is not corroborated by additional evidence.” Velasquez-Samayoa v.

Garland, 49 F.4th 1149, 1157 (9th Cir. 2022) (citation omitted) (emphasis altered).

Nor did the IJ err in identifying Dr. Gonzales’s factual errors, such as his twice

referencing to Rivera-Trigueros’s “numerous tattoos,” though Rivera-Trigueros

only has one tattoo, and his lack of personal familiarity with the “secret database”

upon which he partly based his conclusion.

Finally, Rivera-Trigueros argues that the agency erred in its failure to

consider record evidence indicating that his tattoo could not be timely removed.

Even if this were true, any error was harmless, because whether the tattoo could be

3 timely removed does not affect the agency’s conclusion that Rivera-Trigueros

failed to establish a likelihood of torture in El Salvador. See Zamorano v. Garland,

2 F.4th 1213, 1228 (9th Cir. 2021).

PETITION DENIED.1

1 The temporary stay of removal remains in place until the mandate issues. The motion for a stay of removal (Dkt. 3, 15) is otherwise DENIED. 4