FILED

NOT FOR PUBLICATION

MAR 5 2024

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

JOSE ANDREW VALENCIA- No. 20-71525

HERNANDEZ,

Agency No. A208-539-076 Petitioner,

v. MEMORANDUM*

MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General,

Respondent.

On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals

Submitted November 16, 2022** Pasadena, California

Before: WARDLAW and W. FLETCHER, Circuit Judges, and KORMAN,*** District Judge.

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). *** The Honorable Edward R. Korman, United States District Judge for the Eastern District of New York, sitting by designation. Jose Valencia-Hernandez, a native and citizen of El Salvador, seeks review

of a decision from the Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) affirming the

Immigration Judge’s (“IJ”) denial of his requests for asylum, withholding of

removal, and relief under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). We have

jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252. We review for substantial evidence the factual

findings underlying the BIA’s denial of relief. Plancarte Sauceda v. Garland, 23

F.4th 824, 831 (9th Cir. 2022). We deny the petition.

1. Substantial evidence supports the agency’s denial of asylum and

withholding of removal. To qualify for asylum and withholding, a petitioner must

show that “it is more likely than not that he or she would be persecuted on account

of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political

opinion.” 8 C.F.R. § 1208.16(b)(2). A petitioner seeking asylum based on

membership in a particular social group “must show that the proposed social group

is ‘(1) composed of members who share a common immutable characteristic, (2)

defined with particularity, and (3) socially distinct within the society in question.’ ”

Conde Quevedo v. Barr, 947 F.3d 1238, 1242 (9th Cir. 2020) (quoting In re

M-E-V-G-, 26 I & N Dec. 227, 237 (B.I.A. 2014)). To prevail on a withholding of

removal claim, an individual must show a “clear probability” of persecution on

account of a protected ground. Tamang v. Holder, 598 F.3d 1083, 1091 (9th Cir.

2 2010). We review the IJ’s decision because the BIA adopted and affirmed the

decision of the IJ. See Matter of Burbano, 20 I & N Dec. 872, 874 (B.I.A. 1994).

2. Substantial evidence supports the IJ’s finding that there was no nexus

between Valencia-Hernandez’s future or past persecution and his membership in a

legally cognizable particular social group. Valencia-Hernandez previously

suffered two attacks from gang members. The evidence supports the IJ’s

conclusion that Valencia-Hernandez was targeted because the gangs wished to rob

his family and were angry that he resisted and refused to help the gang. Valencia-

Hernandez’s claims for asylum and withholding of removal therefore fail. See

Barrios v. Holder, 581 F.3d 849, 854 (9th Cir. 2009) (“[R]esistance to gang

membership is not a protected ground.”), abrogated on other grounds by

Henriquez-Rivas v. Holder, 707 F.3d 1081, 1093 (9th Cir. 2013) (en banc); Zetino

v. Holder, 622 F.3d 1007, 1016 (9th Cir. 2010) (“An alien’s desire to be free from

harassment motivated by theft or random violence by gang members bears no

nexus to a protected ground.”).

3. Substantial evidence also supports the IJ’s denial of CAT relief.

Valencia-Hernandez has not shown that it is “more likely than not” that, if

removed, he would be tortured and the government of El Salvador would acquiesce

in his torture. Zhang v. Ashcroft, 388 F.3d 713, 721 (9th Cir. 2004).

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PETITION DENIED.

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