Case 5:21-cv-01958-ODW-E Document 22 Filed 07/08/22 Pagelof14 Page ID #:1558 2 4 6 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11] LAURIE A. M., ) NO. ED CV 21-1958-ODW(E) 12 Plaintiff, 13 Vv. ORDER ACCEPTING FINDINGS, 14] KILOLO KIJAKAZI, Acting CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Commissioner of Social Security, ) 15 ) OF UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE Defendant. ) 16 ___) 17 18 Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. section 636, the Court has reviewed the Complaint, all of the records 19] herein and the attached Report and Recommendation of United States Magistrate Judge. Further, the 20 || Court has engaged in a de novo review of those portions of the Report and Recommendation to which 21] objections have been made. The Court rejects the objections to the extent the objections disagree 22 || with the analysis of Magistrate Judge Eick. The Court finds the conclusions of Judge Eick to be sound 23] and finds of legal error. The Court accepts and adopts the Magistrate Judge’s Report and 24 || Recommendation. 25 26 IT IS ORDERED that: (1) the Report and Recommendation of the Magistrate Judge is accepted 27] and adopted; (2) Plaintiff's motion for summary judgment is denied; (3) Defendant’s motion for 28] summary judgment is granted; and (4) Judgment shall be entered in favor of Defendant.

Case 5:21-cv-01958-ODW-E Document 22 Filed 07/08/22 Page 2of14 Page ID #:1559

1 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the Clerk serve forthwith a copy of this Order, the Magistrate 2|| Judge’s Report and Recommendation and the Judgment of this date on Plaintiff, counsel for Plaintiff 3 | and counsel for Defendant. 4 5 DATED: July 8, 2022. . Uy vit 7 Fe

OTIS D. WRIGHT II

8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 LAURIE A. M., ) NO. ED CV 21-1958-ODW(E) ) 12 Plaintiff, ) ) 13 v. ) REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION OF ) 14 KILOLO KIJAKAZI, Acting ) UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE Commissioner of Social Security, ) 15 ) Defendant. ) 16 ____________________________________) 17 18 This Report and Recommendation is submitted to the Honorable 19 Otis D. Wright II, United States District Judge, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 20 § 636 and General Order 01-13 of the United States District Court for 21 the Central District of California. 22 23 PROCEEDINGS 24 25 Plaintiff filed a Complaint on November 18, 2021, seeking review 26 of the Commissioner’s denial of benefits. Plaintiff filed a motion 27 for summary judgment on April 26, 2022. Defendant filed a cross- 28 motion for summary judgment on May 24, 2022. The Court has taken both CCaassee 55::2211--ccvv--0011995588--OODDWW--EE DDooccuummeenntt 1272 FFiilleedd 0067//0028//2222 PPaaggee 24 ooff 1154 PPaaggee IIDD ##::11551691

1 motions under submission without oral argument. See L.R. 7-15; 2 “Order,” filed November 29, 2021. 3 4 BACKGROUND 5 6 Plaintiff asserted disability since September 30, 2018, based on 7 alleged physical impairments (Administrative Record (“A.R.”) 160, 8 188). An Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”) found certain of those 9 alleged impairments to be severe (A.R. 17). The ALJ also found that 10 Plaintiff’s impairments reduced her residual functional capacity to 11 the capacity to perform light work, with certain additional 12 limitations (A.R. 18). The ALJ determined that a person having this 13 capacity could perform Plaintiff’s past relevant work as an assistant 14 manager as generally performed in the national economy (A.R. 21). The 15 ALJ therefore denied disability benefits (A.R. 21-22). The Appeals 16 Council denied review (A.R. 1-5). 17 18 Plaintiff does not challenge the Administration’s determination 19 that Plaintiff can perform the limited range of light work defined by 20 the ALJ. Rather, Plaintiff challenges the Administration’s 21 determination that Plaintiff’s past job as an assistant manager is in 22 fact a light work job as generally performed in the national economy 23 (rather than a medium work job or a “composite” job). 24 25 STANDARD OF REVIEW 26 27 Under 42 U.S.C. section 405(g), this Court reviews the 28 Administration’s decision to determine if: (1) the Administration’s 2 CCaassee 55::2211--ccvv--0011995588--OODDWW--EE DDooccuummeenntt 1272 FFiilleedd 0067//0028//2222 PPaaggee 35 ooff 1154 PPaaggee IIDD ##::11552602

1 findings are supported by substantial evidence; and (2) the 2 Administration used correct legal standards. See Carmickle v. Comm’r, 3 533 F.3d 1155, 1159 (9th Cir. 2008); Hoopai v. Astrue, 499 F.3d 1071, 4 1074 (9th Cir. 2007); see also Brewes v. Comm’r, 682 F.3d 1157, 1161 5 (9th Cir. 2012). Substantial evidence is “such relevant evidence as a 6 reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” 7 Richardson v. Perales, 402 U.S. 389, 401 (1971) (citation and 8 quotations omitted); see Widmark v. Barnhart, 454 F.3d 1063, 1067 (9th 9 Cir. 2006). 10 11 If the evidence can support either outcome, the court may 12 not substitute its judgment for that of the ALJ. But the 13 Commissioner’s decision cannot be affirmed simply by 14 isolating a specific quantum of supporting evidence. 15 Rather, a court must consider the record as a whole, 16 weighing both evidence that supports and evidence that 17 detracts from the [administrative] conclusion. 18 19 Tackett v. Apfel, 180 F.3d 1094, 1098 (9th Cir. 1999) (citations and 20 quotations omitted). 21 22 DISCUSSION 23 24 After consideration of the record as a whole, Defendant’s motion 25 is granted and Plaintiff’s motion is denied. The Administration’s 26 findings are supported by substantial evidence and are free from 27 /// 28 /// 3 CCaassee 55::2211--ccvv--0011995588--OODDWW--EE DDooccuummeenntt 1272 FFiilleedd 0067//0028//2222 PPaaggee 46 ooff 1154 PPaaggee IIDD ##::11552613

1 material1 legal error. Plaintiff’s contrary arguments are unavailing. 2 3 A claimant bears the burden of proving that “a physical or mental 4 impairment prevents [her] from engaging in any of [her] previous 5 occupations.” Sanchez v. Secretary, 812 F.2d 509, 511 (9th Cir. 6 1987); see Bowen v. Yuckert, 482 U.S. 137, 146-50 (1987). If a 7 claimant can perform past relevant work as “actually” performed or as 8 “generally” performed, then the claimant is not disabled. See Pinto 9 v. Massanari, 249 F.3d 840, 845 (9th Cir. 2001); see also Social 10 Security Ruling (“SSR”) 82-612 (“If the claimant cannot perform the 11 excessive functional demands and/or job duties actually required in 12 the former job but can perform the functional demands and job duties 13 as generally required by employers throughout the economy, the 14 claimant should be found to be ‘not disabled’”). Thus, in the present 15 case, Plaintiff “had the burden to prove she could not perform her 16 past relevant work either as actually performed or as generally 17 performed in the national economy.” Dora L. v. Kijakazi, 2021 WL 18 4502722, at *13 (C.D. Cal. Sept. 30, 2021) (citations and quotation 19 omitted). Plaintiff failed to carry this burden. 20 21 Plaintiff testified regarding her past relevant work as an 22 “assistant manager” in a bank (A.R. 39-40). According to Plaintiff, 23 “the majority of my job was at the desk, dealing with customer service 24 25 1 The harmless error rule applies to the review of 26 administrative decisions regarding disability. See Burch v. Barnhart, 400 F.3d 676, 679 (9th Cir. 2005). 27 2 SSRs are binding on the Administration. See Terry v. 28 Sullivan, 903 F.2d 1273, 1275 n.1 (9th Cir. 1990). 4 CCaassee 55::2211--ccvv--0011995588--OODDWW--EE DDooccuummeenntt 1272 FFiilleedd 0067//0028//2222 PPaaggee 57 ooff 1154 PPaaggee IIDD ##::11552624

1 and things like that” (A.R. 40). However, she testified that she also 2 had the “daily chore” of lifting “heavy metal cassettes” of cash and 3 loading these cassettes into machines. Id. In her testimony, 4 Plaintiff indicated that the cassettes weighed over 20 pounds and that 5 there were “heavy” boxes and bags of coins which also required lifting 6 (A.R. 40-41). Even so, Plaintiff reiterated in her testimony that, 7 “The majority of my job was, you know, the sitting at my desk for the 8 most part. But I did - I was in charge of all levels of the branch. 9 Security, you know, auditing, lots of different things, inventory, 10 hiring, ATM machines, lots of different job duties. But the majority 11 of my career with the bank was in management.” Id. 12 13 Plaintiff’s testimony regarding her job responsibilities 14 contrasted somewhat with her written descriptions of those same 15 responsibilities. In her written descriptions, Plaintiff stated that 16 what she did “all day” was “Audit files, coaching employees, customer 17 service, inventory, cash audit, security, personnel duties, answer 18 phones, supervise employees, Managed overall operations of the bank” 19 (A.R. 202). Although she mentioned the “cash machine cassettes” in 20 her written descriptions, Plaintiff stated that the heaviest weight 21 she ever lifted was only 20 pounds. Id. She also indicated therein 22 that she spent “100%” of her time “supervising people.” Id. 23 24 At the hearing before the ALJ, a vocational expert testified that 25 Plaintiff’s past relevant work was medium work as actually performed 26 (based on Plaintiff’s testimony regarding the supposedly over 20 pound 27 lifting requirement) (A.R. 41). However, the expert also testified 28 that Plaintiff’s past relevant work is light work as generally 5 CCaassee 55::2211--ccvv--0011995588--OODDWW--EE DDooccuummeenntt 1272 FFiilleedd 0067//0028//2222 PPaaggee 68 ooff 1154 PPaaggee IIDD ##::11552635

1 performed (id.).3 In response to a hypothetical question, the 2 vocational expert testified that a person having the residual 3 functional capacity defined by the ALJ could perform Plaintiff’s past 4 relevant work as generally performed in the national economy (A.R. 42- 5 46). The vocational expert characterized Plaintiff’s past relevant 6 work as the job described in section 189.167-018 in the Dictionary of 7 Occupational Titles (“DOT”) (A.R. 41). This section of the DOT, 8 headed “Management Trainee” “Any Industry,” reportedly involves the 9 performance of “duties in several departments, such as credit, 10 customer relations, accounting, or sales” “to gain knowledge and 11 experience required for promotion to management positions.” The DOT 12 provides that this job is light work. DOT § 189.167-018.4 13 14 The ALJ properly relied on the vocational expert and the DOT in 15 concluding that Plaintiff’s past relevant work as an assistant 16 manager, as generally performed, is light work that a person having 17 Plaintiff’s residual functional capacity could still perform. See 18 Kilpatrick v. Kijakazi, 2022 WL 1699012, at *4 (9th Cir. May 27, 2022) 19 (“A VE [vocational expert] opinion ‘may count as substantial evidence 20 even when unaccompanied by supporting data’”) (citing and quoting 21 Biestek v. Berryhill, 139 S. Ct. 1148, 1155 (2019)); Buck v. 22 Berryhill, 869 F.3d 1040, 1051 (9th Cir. 2017) (“at least in the 23 24 3 “Light work involves lifting no more than 20 pounds at 25 a time. . . .” 20 C.F.R. § 404.1567(b). “Medium work involves lifting no more than 50 pounds at a time. . . .” 20 C.F.R. § 26 404.1567(c). 27 4 “The DOT’s occupational definitions are the result of comprehensive studies of how similar jobs are performed in 28 different workplaces.” SSR 00-4p. 6 CCaassee 55::2211--ccvv--0011995588--OODDWW--EE DDooccuummeenntt 1272 FFiilleedd 0067//0028//2222 PPaaggee 79 ooff 1154 PPaaggee IIDD ##::11552646

1 absence of any contrary evidence, a [vocational expert’s] testimony is 2 one type of job information that is regarded as inherently reliable. 3 . . .”; Bray v. Commissioner of Social Security Admin., 554 F.3d 1219, 4 1228 (9th Cir. 2009) (vocational expert opinion is reliable evidence 5 to support a finding that a claimant can work if hypothetical “set[s] 6 out all the limitations and restrictions of a particular claimant”) 7 (citation omitted); Bayliss v. Barnhart, 427 F.3d 1211, 1218 (9th Cir. 8 2005) (“A [vocational expert’s] recognized expertise provides the 9 necessary foundation for his or her testimony. Thus, no additional 10 foundation is required”); SSR 00-4p (characterizing the information in 11 the DOT as “reliable”); see also Hubble v. Astrue, 2012 WL 258406, at 12 *2 (9th Cir. Jan. 30, 2012) (finding no error in ALJ’s conclusion that 13 claimant was capable of performing her past relevant work as generally 14 performed in the national economy, based on a hypothetical question 15 presenting claimant’s residual functional capacity). 16 17 Plaintiff challenges the characterization of Plaintiff’s past 18 relevant work as a section 189.167-018 job, pointing out that section 19 189.167-018 does not describe all of the job responsibilities 20 Plaintiff actually performed. Plaintiff mentions as a possible 21 alternative characterization the DOT section 211.362-018 (“Teller”). 22 However, section 211.362-018 fails to describe the vast majority of 23 Plaintiff’s past job responsibilities (which were supervisory in 24 nature). Moreover, the DOT provides that the “Teller” job is light 25 work. Thus, a characterization of Plaintiff’s past relevant work as 26 that of a “Teller,” in itself, would not have materially affected the 27 result. 28 /// 7 CCaassee 55::2211--ccvv--0011995588--OODDWW--EE DDooccuummeenntt 2127 FFilieledd 0076//0082//2222 PPaaggee 180 o of f1 154 P Paaggee I DID # #:1:1552657

1 Plaintiff also argues that the ALJ should have deemed Plaintiff’s 2 past relevant work to be a “composite” job. “[C]omposite jobs have 3 significant elements of two or more occupations and, as such, have no 4 counterpart in the DOT.” SSR 82-61. A claimant’s past relevant work 5 “may be a composite job if it takes multiple DOT occupations to locate 6 the main duties of the [past relevant work] as described by the 7 claimant” Program Operations Manual System 25005.020(B)”5 Because a 8 composite job has no single DOT counterpart, the job must be evaluated 9 as actually performed rather than as generally performed. Id.; see 10 SSR 82-61 (composite jobs “will be evaluated according to the 11 particular facts of each individual case”). 12 13 It is not always obvious whether a particular job is a DOT job 14 having a few additional tasks in the actual performance or a composite 15 job having no single counterpart in the DOT. A particular job does 16 not become composite merely because, as actually performed, the 17 particular job included tasks not generally performed in such a job. 18 See, e.g., Torres v. Saul, 2021 WL 2859683, at *6 (D. N.M. July 8, 19 2021) (“that Plaintiff described her work as she actually performed 20 the jobs, as opposed to how they are generally performed, does not 21 transform them into composite jobs” (citations and quotations 22 omitted). Even so, it is error to define a claimant’s past relevant 23 work according to the “least demanding aspect” of a past job when that 24 aspect “was something the claimant did less than half the time.” 25 Stacy v. Colvin, 825 F.3d 563, 570 (9th Cir. 2016). 26 /// 27 5 Available at https://secure.ssa.gov/poms.nsf/ 28 lnx/0425005020. 8 CCaassee 55::2211--ccvv--0011995588--OODDWW--EE DDooccuummeenntt 2127 FFilieledd 0076//0082//2222 PPaaggee 191 o of f1 154 P Paaggee I DID # #:1:1552668

1 In the present case, substantial evidence in the factual record 2 supports the conclusion Plaintiff’s past relevant work was not a 3 composite job. Plaintiff’s job appears to have been predominantly 4 supervisory in nature, and the tasks involving lifting over 20 pounds 5 (if they existed at all) appear to have constituted a minor, non- 6 fundamental component of the work). As in Stacy v. Colvin, “the DOT 7 classifies [the claimant’s] past job as purely supervisory and [she] 8 mostly performed supervisory tasks in that job. . . . The fact that 9 [her] employer also required [her] to occasionally do other non- 10 supervisory tasks does not change the fundamental nature of [her] 11 work. . . . Here, [the claimant] spent the vast majority of [her] 12 time supervising.” Stacy v. Colvin, 825 F.3d at 570; see Jesus P. v. 13 Berryhill, 2019 WL 134552, at *5 (C.D. Cal. Jan. 8, 2019) (“the 14 composite-job analysis applies only when the least demanding aspect of 15 the job was something the claimant did less than half the time”) 16 (citations and quotations omitted). 17 18 When confronted with similar factual records, district courts in 19 the Ninth Circuit and elsewhere have upheld administrative decisions 20 against arguments that a claimant’s past relevant work was really a 21 composite job. See, e.g., Dora L. v. Kijakazi, 2021 WL 4502722, at 22 *13-14 (medium lifting requirements in a job generally performed with 23 light exertion did not render the job composite where the lifting 24 requirements were “incidental to the main job” and the claimant failed 25 to present any evidence tending to show that the requirements 26 constituted “a significant part of her job”); Elias v. Comm’r, 2019 WL 27 4296779, at *2 (D. Ariz. Sept. 11, 2019) (those job responsibilities 28 which were performed 70 percent of the time constituted “the 9 CCaassee 55::2211--ccvv--0011995588--OODDWW--EE DDooccuummeenntt 1272 FFiilleedd 0067//0028//2222 PPaaggee 1102 ooff 1154 PPaaggee IIDD ##::11552679

1 fundamental nature of the work”); King v. Comm’r, 2019 WL 643715, at 2 *5 (M.D. Fla. Feb. 15, 2019) (“even though Plaintiff testified that 3 her past relevant work as a management trainee had some duties 4 relating to stocking merchandise, she has not established that her 5 main duties included those of a stock clerk and a management 6 trainee”); Driskill v. Colvin, 2014 WL 3734309, at *8 (W.D. Wash. 7 July 28, 2014) (“Her job as actually performed did include stocking 8 and cleaning, duties that are not mentioned in the DOT description of 9 the waitress job, but there is no evidence that these duties 10 constituted a significant portion of her work rendering the DOT’s 11 definition inapplicable”). 12 13 Furthermore, although Plaintiff argues for a finding that her 14 past relevant work was a composite job, she fails to identify the 15 second DOT job she supposedly was performing when allegedly engaged in 16 medium level lifting.6 For this reason as well, Plaintiff has failed 17 to carry her burden. See Smith v. Comm’r, 743 Fed. App’x 951, 954 18 (9th Cir. 2018) (“although [the claimant] bore the burden of proof on 19 this issue, he introduced no evidence about how much time he spent 20 hanging rent notices or otherwise establishing that this duty was a 21 significant element of the job. Furthermore, [the claimant] has not 22 identified what other occupation listed in the DOT he contends that he 23 was performing when he hung the rent notices”) (emphasis added). 24 /// 25 /// 26 /// 27 6 As previously noted, the “Teller” job is light work, 28 according to the DOT. 10 CCaassee 55::2211--ccvv--0011995588--OODDWW--EE DDooccuummeenntt 1272 FFiilleedd 0067//0028//2222 PPaaggee 1113 ooff 1154 PPaaggee IIDD ##::11552780

1 RECOMMENDATION 2 3 For all of the foregoing reasons,7 it is recommended that the 4 Court issue an order: (1) accepting and adopting this Report and 5 Recommendation; (2) denying Plaintiff’s motion for summary judgment; 6 (3) granting Defendant’s motion for summary judgment; and 7 (4) directing that Judgment be entered in favor of Defendant. 8 9 DATED: June 2, 2022. 10 /S/ 11 CHARLES F. EICK

UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 7 The Court has considered and rejected all of Plaintiff’s arguments. The Court has discussed Plaintiff’s 25 principal arguments herein. Neither Plaintiff’s arguments nor 26 the circumstances of this case show any “substantial likelihood of prejudice” resulting from any error allegedly committed by the 27 ALJ. See generally McLeod v. Astrue, 640 F.3d 881, 887-88 (9th Cir. 2011) (discussing the standards applicable to evaluating 28 prejudice). 11 CCaassee 55::2211--ccvv--0011995588--OODDWW--EE DDooccuummeenntt 1272 FFiilleedd 0067//0028//2222 PPaaggee 1124 ooff 1154 PPaaggee IIDD ##::11552791

1 NOTICE 2 Reports and Recommendations are not appealable to the Court of 3 Appeals, but may be subject to the right of any party to file 4 objections as provided in the Local Rules Governing the Duties of 5 Magistrate Judges and review by the District Judge whose initials 6 appear in the docket number. No notice of appeal pursuant to the 7 Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure should be filed until entry of 8 the judgment of the District Court. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 12