Case 5:21-cv-01237-KES Document 21 Filed 08/11/22 Page 1 of 8 Page ID #:709

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8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

9 CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

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11 ROGER ANDREW W., Case No. 5:21-cv-01237-KES

12 Plaintiff,

MEMORANDUM OPINION AND

13 v.

ORDER

14 KILOLO KIJAKAZI, Acting Commissioner of Social Security, 15 Defendant. 16

17 I.

18 BACKGROUND

19 In September 2019, Plaintiff Roger Andrew W. (“Plaintiff”) applied for

20 disability insurance benefits (“DIB”) alleging a disability onset date of September 21 9, 2018, when he was 61 years old. Administrative Record (“AR”) 176. On 22 December 30, 2020, an Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”) conducted a telephonic 23 hearing at which Plaintiff, who was represented by counsel, testified along with a 24 vocational expert (“VE”). AR 32-81. 25 On February 18, 2021, the ALJ issued an unfavorable decision. AR 12-31. 26 The ALJ found that Plaintiff suffered from numerous severe medically 27 determinable impairments (“MDIs”) mostly involving heart failure, diabetes, and 28 degenerative joint changes. AR 18. Despite these MDIs, the ALJ found that 1 Case 5:21-cv-01237-KES Document 21 Filed 08/11/22 Page 2 of 8 Page ID #:710

1 Plaintiff had the residual functional capacity (“RFC”) to perform sedentary work 2 with some additional restrictions. AR 20. 3 Plaintiff holds a bachelor’s degree in forestry, a master’s degree in business 4 administration, and a degree in environmental science. AR 50, 214. The VE 5 identified Plaintiff’s past relevant work as that of a forester, Dictionary of 6 Occupational Titles (“DOT”) 040.167-010, and a county agricultural agent, DOT 7 096.127-010.1 AR 69-70. The VE testified that Plaintiff had acquired 8 transferrable job skills from this past work, including knowledge “in agricultural 9 areas, budget planning, planning forecasting, and project management.” AR 72. 10 The ALJ asked the VE, “Are there jobs utilizing transferrable skills with 11 very little, if any, vocational adjustment in terms of tools, work processes, work 12 settings, or the industry?” AR 75. The VE answered, “I believe there are.” AR 13 75. The VE then identified several jobs as responsive to the ALJ’s question, 14 including the job of project director, DOT 189.117-030. AR 76. When the ALJ 15 asked the VE to add restrictions consistent with a sedentary RFC, the VE 16 answered, “The only job I can offer … is a project director.” AR 77-78. 17 Relying on this testimony, the ALJ found at step five of the sequential 18 evaluation process that Plaintiff could work as a project director, a job with 29,821 19 positions available nationally. AR 25. The ALJ concluded that Plaintiff was not 20 disabled. AR 26. 21 II. 22 ISSUES PRESENTED 23 This appeal presents the sole issue of “whether the ALJ’s step 5 finding is 24 contrary to law and supported by substantial evidence.” (Dkt. 20, Joint Stipulation 25 [“JS”] at 4.) Plaintiff contends that “a finding that a claimant can perform other 26

27 1 Plaintiff described his past position as a “resource manager for the Department of Agriculture.” AR 220. 28

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1 | work while using transferable skills at step 5 requires that the jobs under 2 | consideration must only use skills the claimant actually obtained in prior work and 3 | ... not require any additional skills.” (JS at 5.) Plaintiff further contends that the 4 | VE never testified that the project director job would not require “any additional 5 | skills” beyond those Plaintiff had acquired through his past work. (JS at 7.) 6 | Plaintiff argues that without such testimony, there is “no evidence” to support “the 7 | ALJ’s necessary finding that the position of ‘project director’ requires ‘no 8 | additional skills.’ (JS at 7.) 9 Il. 10 DISCUSSION 11 A. Rules for Assessing Transferable Skills and Applying the Grids. 12 The DIB regulations define transferrable job skills and set forth findings that 13 | an ALJ must make before relying on transferrable skills to find that a claimant of 14 | advanced age is not disabled, as follows: 15 (d) Skills that can be used in other work (transferability) — (1) What 16 we mean by transferable skills. We consider you to have skills that 17 can be used in other jobs, when the skilled or semi-skilled work 18 activities you did in past work can be used to meet the requirements 19 of skilled or semi-skilled work activities of other jobs or kinds of 20 work. This depends largely on the similarity of occupationally 21 significant work activities among different jobs. 22 (2) How we determine skills that can be transferred to other jobs. 23 Transferability is most probable and meaningful among jobs in 24 which— 25. SaT_ ? Plaintiff bases his argument on (1) the Social Security Administration 26 (“SSA”) bearing the burden of proof at step five and (2) an alleged absence of 27 || evidence to support the ALJ’s finding. Plaintiff does not identify any skill required 38 to work as a project manager and argue, based on evidence, that he lacks that skill.

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1 (i) The same or a lesser degree of skill is required; 2 (ii) The same or similar tools and machines are used; and 3 (iii) The same or similar raw materials, products, processes, or 4 services are involved. 5 (3) Degrees of transferability. There are degrees of transferability of 6 skills ranging from very close similarities to remote and incidental 7 similarities among jobs. A complete similarity of all three factors is 8 not necessary for transferability. However, when skills are so 9 specialized or have been acquired in such an isolated vocational 10 setting (like many jobs in mining, agriculture, or fishing) that they are 11 not readily usable in other industries, jobs, and work settings, we 12 consider that they are not transferable. 13 (4) Transferability of skills for persons of advanced age. If you are 14 of advanced age (age 55 or older), and you have a severe 15 impairment(s) that limits you to sedentary or light work, we will 16 find that you cannot make an adjustment to other work unless you 17 have skills that you can transfer to other skilled or semiskilled work 18 (or you have recently completed education which provides for direct 19 entry into skilled work) that you can do despite your impairment(s). 20 We will decide if you have transferable skills as follows. If you are 21 of advanced age and you have a severe impairment(s) that limits you 22 to no more than sedentary work, we will find that you have skills that 23 are transferable to skilled or semiskilled sedentary work only if the 24 sedentary work is so similar to your previous work that you would 25 need to make very little, if any, vocational adjustment in terms of 26 tools, work processes, work settings, or the industry. (See 20 C.F.R. 27 § 404.1567(a) and § 201.00(f) of appendix 2.) 28 20 C.F.R. § 404.1568(d) (emphasis added).

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1 The citation to “appendix 2” is a citation to the Medical-Vocational 2 Guidelines, often called the “grids.” 20 C.F.R. Part 404, Subpart P, App. 2. The 3 grids “present, in table form, a short-hand method for determining the availability 4 and numbers of suitable jobs for a claimant” at the fifth step of the sequential 5 evaluation process. Lounsburry v. Barnhart, 468 F.3d 1111, 1114 (9th Cir. 2006). 6 The grids, however, may not fully apply where a claimant has non-exertional 7 limitations, such as postural or mental limitations. Id. at 1115. “Where a claimant 8 suffers from both exertional and non-exertional limitations, the ALJ must consult 9 the grids first.” Id. If the grids direct a finding of disability, then that finding must 10 be accepted by the ALJ, but if the grids direct a finding of non-disability, then the 11 claimant’s non-exertional limitations must be examined separately. Id. at 1116. 12 Here, Plaintiff cites 20 C.F.R. § 404, Subpt. P, App. 2, Rule 201.00(f). (JS 13 at 6.) This general provision mirrors the above-cite emphasized language from 20 14 C.F.R. § 404.1568(d) and states, “In order to find transferability of skills to skilled 15 sedentary work for individuals who are of advanced age (55 and over), there must 16 be very little, if any, vocational adjustment required in terms of tools, work 17 processes, work settings, or the industry.” 18 The more specific grid rule that would apply to Plaintiff is Grid Rule 201.07, 19 because he is limited to sedentary work, of advanced age, has a high school 20 education or more, and has transferrable job skills.3 Grid Rule 201.07 directs a 21 3 Plaintiff seems to argue that the grids also require his skills be readily 22 transferable to a “significant range” of jobs. (JS at 6.) In making this argument, 23 Plaintiff appears to be relying on the grid rule for claimants limited to light work discussed in Lounsburry. There is no similar requirement in Grid Rule 201.07. 24 See Tommasetti v. Astrue, 533 F.3d 1036, 1043-44 (9th Cir. 2008) (declining “to 25 extend Lounsburry’s definition of ‘significant range,’ which pertains to a light work analysis under Rule 202.00(c)” to a case “which involves a sedentary work 26 analysis under Rule 201.07” because a “plain reading of Rule 201.07 makes clear 27 that it is not augmented by Rule 202.00(c), the specific text which was the driving consideration in Lounsburry”). 28

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1 | finding of “not disabled,” but the ALJ did not rely on the grids to make step five 2 | findings, because Plaintiff has non-exertional limitations. Instead, the ALJ 3 || considered the VE’s testimony before finding Plaintiff not disabled. AR 25-26. 4 B. Analysis of Claimed Error. 5 Per the above-cited authorities, the ALJ was not required to find that the 6 | project director job requires “no additional skills.” See also Social Security Ruling 7 | (“SSR”) 82-41(4) (directing consideration of whether the claimant’s prior work 8 || and the proposed new work involve “the same or a lesser degree of skill,” not 9 | exactly the same skills). The ALJ merely needed to find that (1) Plaintiff had skills 10 | transferable to skilled or semiskilled sedentary work, and (2) the proposed 11 | sedentary work (i.e., the project manager job) is “so similar” to Plaintiff's previous 12 | work that Plaintiff would need to make “very little, if any, vocational adjustment in 13 | terms of tools, work processes, work settings, or the industry.” 20 C.F.R. 14 | § 404.1568(d). 15 Here, the ALJ found that Plaintiff “has acquired work skills from his past 16 | relevant work that are transferable to other occupations ....” AR 26. Those 17 | “pertinent job skills” were identified as “planning, forecasting, project 18 | management skills.” AR 25, citing AR 80. The ALJ found that Plaintiff's 19 | “previous work is so similar to the jobs recited above [i.e., the project manager job] 20 | that [Plaintiff] would need to make very little, if any, vocational adjustment in 21 | terms of tools, work processes, work settings, or the industry.” AR 26. The ALJ 22 | cited the VE’s testimony as the basis for this finding. AR 26, citing AR 78. 23 Thus, the ALJ made the requisite factual findings, and the VE gave 24 | sufficient testimony to support those findings. The ALJ was not required to find — 25 | and did not find — that the project manager job required the same skills that 26 | Plaintiff used in his previous work. “Importantly, alternate work does not mean 27 | identical work ....” Ray v. Comm’r of SSA, 2020 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 215497, at 28 | *12 (D. Ariz. Nov. 18, 2020) (upholding ALJ’s finding that the claimant could

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1 perform alternative, sedentary work that required “very little, if any, vocation 2 adjustment” based on the VE’s testimony). The “very little, if any” adjustment 3 requirement is a “qualitative description of how much adjustment a claimant of 4 advanced age may be required to endure” and can be satisfied even if several 5 months of vocational adjustment are needed, presumably months that would be 6 spent learning some new skills, albeit minor ones. Solomon v. Comm’r of SSA, 7 376 F. Supp. 3d 1012, 1019 (D. Ariz. 2019) (collecting cases). 8 To the extent Plaintiff argues that the evidence leaves open the possibility 9 that the project manager job would require major additional skills that Plaintiff 10 does not possess (or in other words, require more than “very little” vocational 11 adjustment), that possibility is logically foreclosed by the VE’s testimony. The VE 12 expressly testified that Plaintiff could work as a project manager with “very little, 13 if any, vocational adjustment.” AR 78. As discussed above, that is what the 14 regulations require. The VE’s testimony means that Plaintiff would not need to 15 learn major additional skills to work as a project manager, while still allowing for 16 some vocational adjustment, albeit “very little.” If the job of project manager 17 required Plaintiff to learn additional skills beyond those consistent with “very 18 little” vocational adjustment, then the VE could not have affirmatively answered 19 the ALJ’s hypothetical question. 20 The ALJ does state in his written opinion that he asked the VE “if any 21 occupations exist which could be performed by an individual with the same age, 22 education, past relevant work experience, and residual functional capacity as the 23 claimant, and which would require skills acquired in the claimant’s past relevant 24 work but no additional skills.” AR 25 (emphasis added). But in fact, the ALJ 25 asked the VE to consider “only jobs … utilizing transferrable skills where there 26 would be very little, if any, vocational adjustment in terms of tools or processes, 27 work settings, or the industry.” AR 73; see also AR 75 and 78 (repeating the 28 question with this same phrasing). The ALJ never asked the VE about jobs

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1 | requiring “no additional skills.” While the Court acknowledges the discrepancy 2 | between the ALJ’s description of the hearing in the decision and the hearing 3 | transcript, the Court finds this discrepancy harmless, because the applicable legal 4 | standards do not require the ALJ to find that proposed alternative jobs require “no 5 | additional skills.” See Luis E. v. Kijakazi, No. CV 20-9016-KK, 2021 U.S. Dist. 6 | LEXIS 166262, at *13 (C.D. Cal. Aug. 31, 2021) (finding same error harmless). 7 IV. 8 CONCLUSION 9 For the reasons stated above, IT IS ORDERED that Judgment shall be 10 | entered AFFIRMING the decision of the Commissioner denying benefits. 11 12 13 14 | DATED: August 11, 2022 af Tras ©, Seott)

KAREN E. SCOTT

16 United States Magistrate Judge 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28