Hamidi

I. Factual and Procedural Background

10 On June 27, 2018, the Supreme Court decided Janus and 11 held that payment to a union may not be collected from an 12 employee without the employee’s affirmative consent. 138 S. Ct. 13 at 2486. The decision overruled Abood v. Detroit Board of 14 Education, 431 U.S. 209 (1977), and its progeny, which 15 established that unions may require nonmembers to pay a fee to 16 the union that would be used to fund expenditures germane to 17 collective bargaining. 18 Plaintiffs are employees of the State of California. 19 (Local 1000 Resp. to Statement of Undisputed Material Facts 20 (“SUMF”) at 7, ¶ 6 (Docket No. 152-1).) Local 1000 is the 21 exclusive representative for collective bargaining purposes of 22 plaintiffs and other state employees. (Id. at 8, ¶ 8). 23 Before Janus, employees represented by Local 1000 could 24 either join the union as dues-paying members (id. at 11, ¶ 12) or 25 remain nonmembers and pay Local 1000 a ‘fair share’ fee. (Id. at 26 11, ¶ 12). Nonmembers could choose to pay the “full” fair share 27 fee, which Local 1000 used to fund expenditures both germane and 28 not germane to collective bargaining, or a “reduced”…