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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

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EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

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ESMERALDA BERENISIA MADRIGAL,

Case No. 1:18-cv-01129-SKO 11 Plaintiff,

12 v. ORDER ON PLAINTIFF’S SOCIAL 13 SECURITY COMPLAINT

ANDREW SAUL,

14 Commissioner of Social Security,1 15 Defendant. (Doc. 1)

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17 _____________________________________/ 18

19 20 I. INTRODUCTION 21 On August 21, 2018, Plaintiff Esmeralda Berenisia Madrigal (“Plaintiff”) filed a 22 complaint under 42 U.S.C. § 1383(c) seeking judicial review of a final decision of the 23 Commissioner of Social Security (the “Commissioner” or “Defendant”) denying her application 24 for Supplemental Security Income (SSI) under the Social Security Act (the “Act”). (Doc. 1.) The 25 matter is currently before the Court on the parties’ briefs, which were submitted, without oral 26 1 On June 17, 2019, Andrew Saul became the Commissioner of the Social Security Administration. See 27 https://www.ssa.gov/agency/commissioner.html (last visited by the court on September 12, 2019). He is therefore substituted as the defendant in this action. See 42 U.S.C. § 405(g) (referring to the “Commissioner’s Answer”); 20 28 C.F.R. § 422.210(d) (“the person holding the Office of the Commissioner shall, in his official capacity, be the proper 1 argument, to the Honorable Sheila K. Oberto, United States Magistrate Judge.2 2 II. BACKGROUND 3 On June 9, 2014, Plaintiff protectively applied for SSI, alleging disability beginning May 4 11, 2011, due to major depression, acid reflux, low back problems, anxiety, and migraine 5 headaches. (Administrative Record (“AR”) 33, 35–36, 39, 71–72, 85–86, 190–91, 216, 218, 224.) 6 Plaintiff was born on September 6, 1975, and was 35 years old on the alleged disability onset date. 7 (AR 33, 35–36, 39, 50, 71–72, 85–86, 190–91, 216, 218, 224). Plaintiff has a ninth-grade education 8 and can communicate in English. (AR 50, 190–92.) 9 A. Relevant Medical Evidence3 10 On August 29, 2014, licensed psychologist Pauline Bonilla, Psy.D., performed a 11 comprehensive psychiatric examination of Plaintiff. (AR 387–92.) She observed Plaintiff to have 12 fair hygiene and grooming. (AR 389.) Plaintiff was pleasant and cooperative throughout the 13 interview and was considered a “reliable historian.” (AR 387, 389.) She complained of symptoms 14 of depression due to an increase in medical issues, chronic pain, physical limitations, decrease in 15 quality of life, and the inability to provide for her family financially. (AR 387–88.) Plaintiff 16 described her depressive symptoms as feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and worthlessness; a lack 17 of interest in activities; decreased motivation and energy; difficulty concentrating; low frustration 18 tolerance; and increased irritability and occasional anger. (AR 388.) She also complained of 19 anxiety and reported that she often has “significant nervousness in public and crowds,” resulting in 20 a “need to escape and avoid.” (AR 388.) Plaintiff’s anxiety symptoms included shortness of breath; 21 heart palpitations; chest tightening; muscle tension; sweatiness and shakiness; dizziness and 22 nausea; and increased pain and migraine headaches. (AR 388.) 23 Plaintiff reported completing her adaptive living skills independently. (AR 389.) She stated 24 that she does not engage in household chores or cooking and that she requires assistance from her 25 daughter to shop for groceries and run errands. (AR 389.) Plaintiff does not drive. (AR 389.) 26 Upon mental examination, Dr. Bonilla found Plaintiff’s thought content was appropriate 27 2 The parties consented to the jurisdiction of a U.S. Magistrate Judge. (Docs. 7, 10.) 28 3 Because the parties are familiar with the medical evidence, it is summarized here only to the extent relevant to the 1 with no indications of hallucinations or delusions. (AR 389.) Plaintiff’s mood appeared to be 2 dysphoric with poor appetite. (AR 390.) Plaintiff reported that she did not sleep through the night 3 and slept only in the daytime as a result of her medications. (AR 390.) 4 Dr. Bonilla found Plaintiff’s remote memory intact, although she encountered difficulty 5 reciting digits forward and backward. (AR 390.) Plaintiff’s fund of knowledge was found to be 6 consistent with her educational level and socioeconomic background. (AR 390.) She had difficulty 7 performing simple mathematical calculations. (AR 390.) Dr. Bonilla found Plaintiff’s 8 concentration to be within normal limits, her abstract thinking inadequate, and an adequate ability 9 to differentiate. (AR 390.) Plaintiff’s judgment and insight were within normal limits. (AR 390.) 10 Dr. Bonilla assessed Plaintiff with a mood disorder; an anxiety disorder; a pain disorder; a 11 personality disorder with dependent traits; and a Global Assessment of Functioning (“GAF”) score 12 of 64. (AR 391.) 13 According to Dr. Bonilla, Plaintiff’s symptoms “appear[ed] to be in the mild to moderate 14 range” and she “appear[ed] to be suffering from a major mental disorder.” (AR 391.) The 15 likelihood of recovery by Plaintiff was deemed to be good with psychotherapy. (AR 391.) Dr. 16 Bonilla noted that Plaintiff’s limitations appeared to be “primarily due to a combination of medical 17 and mental health issues.” (AR 391.) 18 Dr. Bonilla opined that Plaintiff is mildly impaired in the following: the ability to perform 19 simple and repetitive tasks; the ability to accept instruction from a supervisor; the ability to interact 20 with coworkers and the public; the ability to sustain an ordinary routine without special 21 supervision; and the ability to maintain regular attendance in the workplace. (AR 391.) Dr. Bonilla 22 further opined that Plaintiff is mildly to moderately impaired in the ability to perform detailed and 23 complex tasks, and that Plaintiff is moderately impaired in the ability to complete a normal workday 24 or workweek without interruptions from a psychiatric condition and the ability to deal with stress 25 and changes encountered in the workplace. (AR 391–92.) Dr. Bonilla found the likelihood of 26 Plaintiff “emotionally deteriorating in a work environment” is minimal to moderate. (AR 392.) 27 B. Administrative Proceedings 28 The Commissioner denied Plaintiff’s application for benefits initially on September 19, 1 2014, and again on reconsideration on February 3, 2015. (AR 100–103, 105–109.) Consequently, 2 Plaintiff requested a hearing before an Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”). (AR 112–22.) The 3 ALJ conducted a hearing on September 20, 2016. (AR 53–70.). Plaintiff appeared at the hearing 4 with her counsel and testified. (AR 57–68.) A vocational expert also testified. (AR 68–69.) 5 C. The ALJ’s Decision 6 In a decision dated January 13, 2017, the ALJ found that Plaintiff was not disabled, as 7 defined by the Act. (AR 33–52.) The ALJ conducted the five-step disability analysis set forth in 8 20 C.F.R. § 416.920. (AR 35–51.) The ALJ decided that Plaintiff had not engaged in substantial 9 gainful activity since June 9, 2014, the application date (step one). (AR 35.) At step two, the ALJ 10 found Plaintiff’s following impairments to be severe: degenerative disc disease of the lumbar spine, 11 status post laminectomy; obesity; depressive disorder; anxiety disorder; and personality disorder. 12 (AR 35–36.) Plaintiff did not have an impairment or combination of impairments that met or 13 medically equaled one of the listed impairments in 20 C.F.R. Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1 (“the 14 Listings”) (step three). (AR 36–38.) 15 The ALJ then assessed Plaintiff’s residual functional capacity (RFC)4 and applied the RFC 16 assessment at steps four and five. See 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(a)(4) (“Before we go from step three 17 to step four, we assess your residual functional capacity . . . . We use this residual functional 18 capacity assessment at both step four and step five when we evaluate your claim at these steps.”). 19 The ALJ determined that Plaintiff had the RFC: 20 to perform light work as defined in 20 C.F.R. [§]416.967(b) except [Plaintiff] can lift and or carry 20 pounds occasionally and 10 pound [sic] frequently; she can 21 stand and or walk for six hours in an eight hour day with normal breaks; she can sit for six hours in an eight hour day with normal breaks; she can occasionally balance, 22 stoop, kneel, crouch, and crawl; she can occasionally climb ramps and stairs; and 23 she is capable of simple, routine tasks with limited peer and public contact. 24

25 4 RFC is an assessment of an individual’s ability to do sustained work-related physical and mental activities in a work setting on a regular and continuing basis of 8 hours a day, for 5 days a week, or an equivalent work schedule. TITLES 26 II & XVI: ASSESSING RESIDUAL FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY IN INITIAL CLAIMS, Social Security Ruling (“SSR”) 96-8P (S.S.A. July 2, 1996). The RFC assessment considers only functional limitations and restrictions that result from an 27 individual’s medically determinable impairment or combination of impairments. Id. “In determining a claimant’s RFC, an ALJ must consider all relevant evidence in the record including, inter alia, medical records, lay evidence, and 28 ‘the effects of symptoms, including pain, that are reasonably attributed to a medically determinable impairment.’” 1 (AR 38.) Although the ALJ recognized that Plaintiff’s impairments “could reasonably be expected 2 to produce the . . . alleged symptoms[,]” he rejected Plaintiff’s subjective testimony as “not entirely 3 consistent with the medical evidence and other evidence in the record.” (AR 39.) 4 The ALJ determined Plaintiff had no past relevant work (step four), but that Plaintiff was 5 not disabled because, given her RFC, she could perform a significant number of other jobs in the 6 local and national economies, specifically assembler and machine tender (step five). (AR 50–51.) 7 Ultimately, the ALJ concluded that Plaintiff was not disabled at any time through the date of his 8 decision. (AR 51–52). 9 Plaintiff sought review of this decision before the Appeals Council, which denied review 10 on June 18, 2018. (AR 1–7.) Therefore, the ALJ’s decision became the final decision of the 11 Commissioner. 20 C.F.R. § 416.1481. 12 III. LEGAL STANDARD 13 A. Applicable Law 14 An individual is considered “disabled” for purposes of disability benefits if he or she is 15 unable “to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable 16 physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or which has lasted or can 17 be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months.” 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(1)(A). 18 However, “[a]n individual shall be determined to be under a disability only if [her] physical or 19 mental impairment or impairments are of such severity that [s]he is not only unable to do [her] 20 previous work but cannot, considering [her] age, education, and work experience, engage in any 21 other kind of substantial gainful work which exists in the national economy.” Id. § 423(d)(2)(A). 22 “The Social Security Regulations set out a five-step sequential process for determining 23 whether a claimant is disabled within the meaning of the Social Security Act.” Tackett v. Apfel, 24 180 F.3d 1094, 1098 (9th Cir. 1999) (citing 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520); see also 20 C.F.R. § 416.920. 25 The Ninth Circuit has provided the following description of the sequential evaluation analysis: 26 In step one, the ALJ determines whether a claimant is currently engaged in substantial gainful activity. If so, the claimant is not disabled. If not, the ALJ 27 proceeds to step two and evaluates whether the claimant has a medically severe 28 impairment or combination of impairments. If not, the claimant is not disabled. If 1 combination of impairments meets or equals a listed impairment under 20 C.F.R. pt. 2 404, subpt. P, [a]pp. 1. If so, the claimant is automatically presumed disabled. If not, the ALJ proceeds to step four and assesses whether the claimant is capable of 3 performing her past relevant work. If so, the claimant is not disabled. If not, the ALJ proceeds to step five and examines whether the claimant has the [RFC] . . . to 4 perform any other substantial gainful activity in the national economy. If so, the claimant is not disabled. If not, the claimant is disabled. 5 6 Burch v. Barnhart, 400 F.3d 676, 679 (9th Cir. 2005); see, e.g., 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(a)(4) 7 (providing the “five-step sequential evaluation process” for SSI claimants). “If a claimant is found 8 to be ‘disabled’ or ‘not disabled’ at any step in the sequence, there is no need to consider subsequent 9 steps.” Tackett, 180 F.3d at 1098 (citing 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520); 20 C.F.R. § 416.920. 10 “The claimant carries the initial burden of proving a disability in steps one through four of 11 the analysis.” Burch, 400 F.3d at 679 (citing Swenson v. Sullivan, 876 F.2d 683, 687 (9th Cir. 12 1989)). “However, if a claimant establishes an inability to continue [his] past work, the burden 13 shifts to the Commissioner in step five to show that the claimant can perform other substantial 14 gainful work.” Id. (citing Swenson, 876 F.2d at 687). 15 B. Scope of Review 16 “This court may set aside the Commissioner’s denial of [social security] benefits [only] when 17 the ALJ’s findings are based on legal error or are not supported by substantial evidence in the record 18 as a whole.” Tackett, 180 F.3d at 1097 (citation omitted). “Substantial evidence is defined as being 19 more than a mere scintilla, but less than a preponderance.” Edlund v. Massanari, 253 F.3d 1152, 20 1156 (9th Cir. 2001) (citing Tackett, 180 F.3d at 1098). “Put another way, substantial evidence is 21 such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” Id. 22 (citing Richardson v. Perales, 402 U.S. 389, 401 (1971)). 23 “This is a highly deferential standard of review . . . .” Valentine v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec. 24 Admin., 574 F.3d 685, 690 (9th Cir. 2009). “The ALJ’s findings will be upheld if supported by 25 inferences reasonably drawn from the record.” Tommasetti v. Astrue, 533 F.3d 1035, 1038 (9th 26 Cir. 2008) (citation omitted). Additionally, “[t]he court will uphold the ALJ’s conclusion when the 27 evidence is susceptible to more than one rational interpretation.” Id.; see, e.g., Edlund, 253 F.3d at 28 1156 (“If the evidence is susceptible to more than one rational interpretation, the court may not 1 substitute its judgment for that of the Commissioner.” (citations omitted)). 2 Nonetheless, “the Commissioner’s decision ‘cannot be affirmed simply by isolating a 3 specific quantum of supporting evidence.’” Tackett, 180 F.3d at 1098 (quoting Sousa v. Callahan, 4 143 F.3d 1240, 1243 (9th Cir. 1998)). “Rather, a court must ‘consider the record as a whole, 5 weighing both evidence that supports and evidence that detracts from the [Commissioner’s] 6 conclusion.’” Id. (quoting Penny v. Sullivan, 2 F.3d 953, 956 (9th Cir. 1993)). 7 Finally, courts “may not reverse an ALJ’s decision on account of an error that is harmless.” 8 Molina v. Astrue, 674 F.3d 1104, 1111 (9th Cir. 2012) (citing Stout v. Comm’r, Soc. Sec. Admin., 9 454 F.3d 1050, 1055–56 (9th Cir. 2006)). Harmless error “exists when it is clear from the record 10 that ‘the ALJ’s error was inconsequential to the ultimate nondisability determination.’” 11 Tommasetti, 533 F.3d at 1038 (quoting Robbins, 466 F.3d at 885). “[T]he burden of showing that 12 an error is harmful normally falls upon the party attacking the agency’s determination.” Shinseki 13 v. Sanders, 556 U.S. 396, 409 (2009) (citations omitted). 14 The ALJ’s decision denying benefits “will be disturbed only if that decision is not supported 15 by substantial evidence or it is based upon legal error.” Tidwell v. Apfel, 161 F.3d 599, 601 (9th 16 Cir. 1999). In reviewing the Commissioner’s decision, the Court may not substitute its judgment 17 for that of the Commissioner. Macri v. Chater, 93 F.3d 540, 543 (9th Cir. 1996). Instead, the Court 18 must determine whether the Commissioner applied the proper legal standards and whether 19 substantial evidence exists in the record to support the Commissioner’s findings. See Lewis v. 20 Astrue, 498 F.3d 909, 911 (9th Cir. 2007). 21 “Substantial evidence” means “such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as 22 adequate to support a conclusion.” Richardson v. Perales, 402 U.S. 389, 401 (1971) (quoting 23 Consol. Edison Co. of N.Y. v. NLRB, 305 U.S. 197, 229 (1938)). “Substantial evidence is more 24 than a mere scintilla but less than a preponderance.” Ryan v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 528 F.3d 1194, 25 1198 (9th Cir. 2008). The Court “must consider the entire record as a whole, weighing both the 26 evidence that supports and the evidence that detracts from the Commissioner’s conclusion, and may 27 not affirm simply by isolating a specific quantum of supporting evidence.” Lingenfelter v. Astrue, 28 504 F.3d 1028, 1035 (9th Cir. 2007) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). 1 2 Plaintiff contends that the ALJ failed to provide specific and legitimate reasons, supported 3 by substantial evidence, for implicitly rejecting the opinion of consultative examiner Dr. Bonilla 4 that Plaintiff would have moderate limitations completing a normal workday or workweek due to 5 her mental condition, moderate difficulties dealing with stress and changes encountered in the 6 workplace, and an up to moderate likelihood that she would emotionally deteriorate in a work 7 environment. (Doc. 16 at 20–22; Doc. 20 at 3–5.) The Court agrees. 8 A. The ALJ Did Not Properly Account for the Consultative Psychologist’s Opinion in Determining Plaintiff’s Residual Functional Capacity 9 1. Legal Standard 10 11 The weight given to medical source opinions depends in part on whether they are proffered 12 by treating, examining, or non-examining professionals. Holohan v. Massanari, 246 F.3d 1195, 13 1201–02 (9th Cir. 2001); Lester v. Chater, 81 F.3d 821, 830 (9th Cir. 1995). Generally speaking, 14 a treating physician’s opinion carries more weight than an examining physician’s opinion, and an 15 examining physician’s opinion carries more weight than a non-examining physician’s opinion. 16 Holohan, 246 F.3d at 1202. 17 An ALJ must provide “clear and convincing” reasons for rejecting the uncontradicted 18 opinion of either a treating or examining physician. Lester, 81 F.3d at 830; Pitzer v. Sullivan, 908 19 F.2d 502, 506 (9th Cir. 1990); Embrey v. Bowen, 849 F.2d 418, 422 (9th Cir. 1988). Even if a 20 treating or examining physician’s opinion is contradicted, that opinion can be rejected only “for 21 specific and legitimate reasons that are supported by substantial evidence in the record.” Lester, 22 81 F.3d at 830–31. The ALJ can meet this burden by “setting out a detailed and thorough summary 23 of the facts and conflicting clinical evidence, stating his interpretation thereof, and making 24 findings.” Reddick v. Chater, 157 F.3d 715, 725 (9th Cir. 1998). 25 2. Analysis 26 In his decision, the ALJ specifically noted Dr. Bonilla’s opinion regarding Plaintiff’s 27 moderate limitations completing a normal workday or work week due to her psychiatric condition, 28 moderate difficulties dealing with stress and changes encountered in the workplace, and an up to 1 moderate likelihood that she would emotionally deteriorate in a work environment, and purported 2 to give “significant weight” to the opinion. (AR 47.) The ALJ explained that he gave Dr. Bonilla’s 3 opinion such weight because she “was an examining physician, and her opinion is consistent with 4 the records as a whole, as well as internally consistent.” (AR 47.) However, nothing in the ALJ’s 5 RFC, including the limitation to “simple, routine tasks with limited peer and public contract” (AR 6 38), accommodates Dr. Bonilla’s opined moderate impairments. While the ALJ need not accept 7 the full extent of Dr. Bonilla’s opinion, the ALJ may not reject it, or significant parts of it, without 8 giving specific and legitimate reasons for doing so. See Lester, 81 F.3d at 830-31. Accordingly, 9 the ALJ erred by not providing specific and legitimate reasons, supported by substantial evidence, 10 for implicitly rejecting significant portions of Dr. Bonilla’s opinion. See, e.g., Bain v. Astrue, 319 11 F. App’x. 543, 545–46 (9th Cir. 2009) (finding ALJ erred in not including consultative examining 12 psychologist’s moderate limitations in the RFC, despite crediting the limitations in the decision); 13 Barnes v. Colvin, CASE NO. 5:16-CV-01183-SK, 2017 WL 8220233, at *3 (C.D. Cal. Apr. 17, 14 2017) (finding ALJ erred in failing to explain why RFC assessment did not adopt consultative 15 psychiatrist’s moderate difficulties performing work activities on a consistent basis without special 16 or additional supervision and moderate limitations completing a normal workday or workweek due 17 to his mental condition); Jackson v. Colvin, No. EDCV 12–00606–MAN, at *5 (C.D. Cal. May 2, 18 2013) (finding ALJ erred in failing to proffer any reason for failing to explain the rejection of 19 consultative psychiatrist’s opinion that claimant would have mild to moderate limitations with 20 respect to handling normal stresses at work). See also TITLES II & XVI: CAPABILITY TO DO OTHER 21 WORK-THE MEDICAL-VOCATIONAL RULES AS A FRAMEWORK FOR EVALUATING SOLELY 22 NONEXERTIONAL IMPAIRMENTS, SSR 85-15, 1985 WL 56857, at *5–6 (S.S.A. 1985) (emphasizing 23 that mentally impaired people often “have difficulty accommodating to the demands of work and 24 work-like settings” and thus “[a]ny impairment-related limitations created by an individual’s 25 response to demands of work . . . must be reflected in the RFC assessment”). 26 Defendant’s contention that Plaintiff has not demonstrated that the ALJ’s RFC assessment 27 is inconsistent with Dr. Bonilla’s findings is unavailing. The cases on which Defendant relies in 28 support of this argument are distinguishable because they concern whether it was harmless error 1 that the ALJ failed to address moderate limitations in social functioning and adaptation where the 2 RFC included a limitation to simple, repetitive tasks. (See Doc. 19 at 23–24.) 5 In contrast, Dr. 3 Bonilla’s opinion was not limited to moderate limitations in social functioning and adaptation. (See 4 AR 391–92.) 5 On the present record, the Court cannot determine whether the ALJ’s error in failing to 6 discuss the reasons he rejected these limitations was harmless. See Molina, 674 F.3d at 1115 (“[A]n 7 ALJ’s error is harmless where it is inconsequential to the ultimate nondisability determination.”) 8 (citations and quotations omitted); see also Thompson v. Astrue, No. ED CV 12–265–E, 2012 WL 9 4513724, at *4 (C.D. Cal. Oct. 2, 2012) (holding ALJ’s error in failing to discuss consultative 10 psychiatrist’s opinions regarding mild to moderate limitations completing complex tasks, handling 11 normal stresses at work, and completing a normal work week without interruption not harmless 12 where RFC was limited to moderately complex tasks up to four to five steps). Dr. Bonilla stated 13 that Plaintiff would have moderate limitations completing a normal workday or workweek due to 14 her mental condition, moderate difficulties dealing with stress and changes encountered in the 15 workplace, and an up to moderate likelihood that Plaintiff would emotionally deteriorate in a work 16 environment. (AR 391–92.) The vocational expert did not testify that a person could work with 17 the moderate limitations Dr. Bonilla found to exist. (See AR 68–69 (vocational expert’s 18 testimony).) The vocational expert did testify, however, that if a person with the limitations the 19 ALJ found to exist were off task 20 percent of the day or would miss more than two days of work 20 on a consistent basis, the person would not be able to do any jobs in the labor market. (AR 68–69.) 21 Accordingly, remand is warranted on this issue. See, e.g., Devery v. Colvin, Case No. CV 15- 22 08503-RAO, 2016 WL 3452487, at *5 (C.D. Cal. June 22, 2016) (court could not determine 23

24 5 The two exceptions are Jenkins v. Colvin, No. 1:15-cv-01135-SKO, 2016 WL 4126707 (E.D. Cal. Aug. 2, 2016) and Rodriquez v. Colvin, No. 1:13-cv-01716-SKO, 2015 WL 1237302, at *6 (E.D. Cal. Mar. 17, 2015). (See Doc. 19 at 25 23–24.) In Jenkins, the consultative examiner “explicitly opined Plaintiff retained the mental ability to perform both simple and complex tasks and maintain regular attendance in the workplace with little supervision.” 2016 WL 26 4126707, at *7. Similarly, in Rodriguez, the state agency physician found a moderate limitation in the ability to complete a normal workday or workweek without interruptions from psychologically-based symptoms, while in all 27 other abilities, found Plaintiff “Not Significantly Limited.” 2015 WL 1237302, at *6. Unlike those cases, here Dr. Bonilla found both mild and moderate impairments in Plaintiff’s ability to perform simple and complex tasks, her 28 ability to sustain an ordinary routine without special supervision, and her ability to maintain regular attendance in the 1 harmlessness of ALJ's failure to discuss reasons she rejected limitations because VE did not testify 2 that a hypothetical person with those limitations could work); Dunlap v. Astrue, No. CIV S–09– 3 3446 EFB, 2011 WL 1135357, at *6 (E.D. Cal. Mar. 25, 2011) (court could not determine 4 harmlessness of error because it was unable to “determine how the VE would have responded if he 5 had been given a hypothetical containing [examining physician]'s actual opinion.”). 6 B. The Court Declines to Determine Plaintiff’s Remaining Assertions of Error 7 Having found that remand is warranted, the Court declines to address Plaintiff’s remaining 8 arguments that the ALJ erred in rejecting medical opinion evidence and failing to develop the 9 record. Hiler v. Astrue, 687 F.3d 1208, 1212 (9th Cir. 2012) (“Because we remand the case to the 10 ALJ for the reasons stated, we decline to reach [plaintiff’s] alternative ground for remand.”); see 11 also Newton v. Colvin, No. 2:13–cv–2458–GEB–EFB, 2015 WL 1136477, at *6 n.4 (E.D. Cal. 12 Mar. 12, 2015) (“As the matter must be remanded for further consideration of the medical evidence, 13 the court declines to address plaintiff’s remaining arguments.”); Augustine ex rel. Ramirez v. 14 Astrue, 536 F. Supp. 2d 1147, 1153 n.7 (C.D. Cal. 2008) (“[The] Court need not address the other 15 claims plaintiff raises, none of which would provide plaintiff with any further relief than granted, 16 and all of which can be addressed on remand.”). 17 C. Remand for Further Proceedings is Appropriate 18 When an ALJ commits error that is not harmless, “[t]he decision whether to remand for 19 further proceedings or simply to award benefits is within the discretion of [the] court.” McAllister 20 v. Sullivan, 888 F.2d 599, 603 (9th Cir. 1989) (citing Winans v. Bowen, 853 F.2d 643, 647 (9th Cir. 21 1987)). Because further administrative review could remedy the ALJ’s error, remand for further 22 administrative proceedings, rather than an award of benefits, is warranted here.6 See Brown-Hunter 23 v. Colvin, 806 F.3d 487, 495 (9th Cir. 2015) (remanding for an award of benefits is appropriate in 24 rare circumstances). See also Lewin v. Schweiker, 654 F.2d 631, 635 (9th Cir. 1981) (“If additional 25 proceedings can remedy defects in the original administrative proceeding, a social security case 26 should be remanded.”); Benecke v. Barnhart, 379 F.3d 587, 593 (9th Cir. 2004) (“Remand for 27 further administrative proceedings is appropriate if enhancement of the record would be useful.”). 28 1 Before ordering remand for an award of benefits, three requirements must be met: (1) the Court 2 must conclude that the ALJ failed to provide legally sufficient reasons for rejecting evidence; (2) 3 the Court must conclude that the record has been fully developed and further administrative 4 proceedings would serve no useful purpose; and (3) the Court must conclude that if the improperly 5 discredited evidence were credited as true, the ALJ would be required to find the claimant disabled 6 on remand. Brown-Hunter, 806 F.3d at 495 (citations omitted). Even if all three requirements are 7 met, the Court retains flexibility to remand for further proceedings “when the record as a whole 8 creates serious doubt as to whether the claimant is, in fact, disabled within the meaning of the 9 Social Security Act.” Id. (citation omitted). 10 Here, remand for further administrative proceedings is appropriate. On remand, the ALJ 11 shall reconsider the opinion of Dr. Bonilla’s regarding Plaintiff’s moderate limitations, and either 12 credit her opinion or provide specific and legitimate reasons supported by substantial evidence for 13 rejecting it. The ALJ shall reassess Plaintiff’s RFC, considering the entirety of Dr. Bonilla’s 14 opinion. The ALJ shall then proceed through steps four and five to determine what work, if any, 15 Plaintiff is capable of performing. 16 V. CONCLUSION AND ORDER 17 Based on the foregoing, the Court finds that the ALJ’s decision is not supported by 18 substantial evidence and is, therefore, VACATED and the case REMANDED to the ALJ for further 19 proceedings consistent with this Order. The Clerk of this Court is DIRECTED to enter judgment 20 in favor of Plaintiff Esmeralda Berenisia Madrigal and against Defendant Andrew Saul, 21 Commissioner of Social Security. 22

IT IS SO ORDERED.

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Sheila K. Oberto 24 Dated: January 6, 2020 /s/ .

UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

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