INTRODUCTION

18 Kimberly Denise Packard (“Plaintiff”) seeks judicial review of a final decision of the 19 Commissioner of Social Security (“Commissioner” or “Defendant”) denying her application for 20 disability benefits pursuant to the Social Security Act. The matter is currently before the Court 21 on the parties’ briefs, which were submitted, without oral argument, to Magistrate Judge Stanley 22 A. Boone.1 23

II.

24

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

25 Plaintiff filed an application for supplemental security income on December 10, 2003 and 26 was found to be not disabled in decision issued on March 21, 2006. (AR 17, 76-84.) 27 1 The parties have consented to the jurisdiction of the United States Magistrate Judge and the matter has been 1 Plaintiff protectively filed an application for a period of disability and disability insurance 2 benefits and a Title XVI application for supplemental security income on May 26, 2016. (AR 3 118.) Plaintiff’s applications were initially denied on October 6, 2016, and denied upon 4 reconsideration on March 10, 2017. (AR 148-152, 156-160.) Plaintiff requested and received a 5 hearing before Administrative Law Judge Joyce Frost-Wolf (“the ALJ”). Plaintiff appeared for a 6 hearing on February 8, 2019. (AR 36-73.) On June 5, 2019, the ALJ found that Plaintiff was not 7 disabled. (AR 14-30.) The Appeals Council denied Plaintiff’s request for review on February 8 19, 2020. (AR 1-3.) 9 On March 31, 2020, Plaintiff filed this action challenging the denial of benefits. (ECF 10 No. 1.) Plaintiff filed her opening brief on February 23, 2021. (ECF No. 16.) On March 25, 11 2021, the Commissioner filed an opposition. (ECF No. 18.) Plaintiff filed a reply on April 9, 12 2021. (ECF No. 20.) 13 A. Hearing Testimony 14 Plaintiff testified at the February 8, 2019 hearing. (AR 48-60.) Prior to Plaintiff 15 testifying at the hearing, the ALJ confirmed that she had received the letter addressing her right 16 to representation and providing her with phone numbers of various groups that could assist her in 17 obtaining representation. (AR 38.) The ALJ advised Plaintiff of her right to representation and 18 Plaintiff stated she understood her rights and waived her right to representation. (AR 39-41.) 19 Plaintiff was born on October 19, 1969. (AR 49.) Plaintiff graduated from high school 20 and attended three semesters of city college. (AR 49-50.) She lives in a second floor apartment 21 and has to climb stairs to access it. (AR 49.) Plaintiff lives alone. (AR 49.) 22 Plaintiff’s prior work experience was in-home supportive services. (AR 50.) She worked 23 both part time and full time. (AR 50.) She would do cleaning, washing, and cooking. (AR 50.) 24 She would lift about twenty to thirty pounds. (AR 50.) She also worked part time for about five 25 to six months at the Cecil Hanks Center cooking and serving food. (AR 51.) 26 Plaintiff has had difficulty lifting her right arm for about two years. (AR 52.) She did 27 not have any injury. (AR 52.) She was sent to therapy and was supposed to be referred to an 1 pillow and lean against it to put pressure on it and she uses Bengay or a rub on it. (AR 54.) 2 Plaintiff is left handed. (AR 54.) Plaintiff also has lower back pain that has radiated down to her 3 right leg. (AR 54.) She was told that she was losing the nerve fibers in her right leg. (AR 54.) 4 On some days, Plaintiff is able to move around and once she gets started she can move 5 around a little bit. (AR 55.) On other days, she is stuck, cannot move, and is stiff. (AR 55.) 6 Plaintiff can do house cleaning, but has a rolling walker that she uses when she cooks. (AR 55.) 7 She can do light house cleaning, such as cleaning the countertops and toilets, and washing 8 dishes. (AR 55.) Plaintiff is most comfortable when she is lying down. (AR 55.) She spends 9 the majority of her day lying down. (AR 55.) 10 Plaintiff takes Norco, Soma, and other medications that have given her relief from her 11 back pain. (AR 56.) She does not have any side effects from her medication. (AR 55.) Plaintiff 12 will also use Bengay for her leg and lower back pain on some days. (AR 56.) The ALJ noted 13 that Plaintiff was adjusting her position during the hearing. (AR 56.) Plaintiff said that it was 14 due to back pain. (AR 56.) 15 Plaintiff’s doctor wanted her to do injections, but she switched doctors and he will not do 16 injections. (AR 57.) He is giving her pills. (AR 57.) Plaintiff did not try to get injections. (AR 17 57.) The doctors have not mentioned surgery for her back. (AR 57.) Plaintiff has scoliosis and 18 they said that 5, 6, and 7 have shifted. (AR 57.) Plaintiff’s leg will go numb from her knee 19 down to her foot. (AR 58.) Sometimes her leg will just jump. (AR 58.) Plaintiff has recently 20 been using her walker for about a week because her knee popped when she was going up the 21 stairs. (AR 58.) Plaintiff uses her walker for sitting because it is more comfortable than sitting 22 in a low chair. (AR 58.) She has not had any falls related to her leg. (AR 58.) Every now and 23 then, Plaintiff’s right leg will drag. (AR 59.) She will be walking and the next thing she knows 24 her foot will drag and she cannot pick it up. (AR 59.) This happens weekly and lasts a short 25 period of time. (AR 59-60.) When her leg goes numb if she is sitting or standing, she will shake 26 it or rub it and it will lift up. (AR 60.) 27 Lamika Williams, Plaintiff’s niece, also testified at the hearing. (AR 62-65.) Ms. 1 basis. (AR 63.) Over the last couple years, Plaintiff’s condition has definitely declined. (AR 2 63.) Plaintiff was able to care for her mother, but she started getting worse. (AR 63.) It started 3 with her lower back. (AR 63.) Plaintiff has suffered many injuries. (AR 63.) Plaintiff was shot 4 and was brutally attacked and things have gotten worse as she has gotten older. (AR 63.) She 5 lives upstairs and it is a lot of wear and tear. (AR 63.) Plaintiff is unable to do a lot of physical 6 activities that she was once able to perform. (AR 63.) She is walking with an extreme limp 7 every day. (AR 63, 64.) Ms. Williams has recommended that Plaintiff will probably need a cane 8 to walk. (AR 64.) Plaintiff is due to have an MRI. (AR 63.) Ms. Williams believes that at this 9 point in her life Plaintiff would not be able to hold down a steady job. (AR 63-64.) 10 Plaintiff’s also suffering a little from depression due to the loss of her mother and not 11 being able to support herself like she used to. (AR 64.) So she is battling depression and 12 anxiety. (AR 64.) Plaintiff interacts regularly with her family. (AR 64.) Ms. Williams and 13 Plaintiff’s children go by and check on her on a regular basis. (AR 64.) 14 Cheryl Chandler, vocational expert (“VE”), also testified at the hearing. (AR 66-72.) 15 B. ALJ Findings 16 The ALJ made the following findings of fact and conclusions of law. The ALJ did not 17 give res judicata effect to the prior decision finding evidence of increased severity of Plaintiff’s 18 physical and decreased severity of her mental impairments. (AR 18.) 19 • Plaintiff meets the insured status requirements of the Social Security Act through 20 September 30, 2019. 21 • Plaintiff has not engaged in substantial gainful activity since June 9, 2015, the alleged 22 onset date. 23 • Plaintiff has the following severe impairments: obesity; degenerative joint disease in the 24 bilateral knees; degenerative disc disease of the lumbar spine; tendinopathy in the right 25 shoulder; diabetes mellitus, type II; and mild right carpal tunnel syndrome. 26 • Plaintiff does not have an impairment or combination of impairments that meets or 27 medically equals the severity of one of the listed impairments. 1 standing and/or walking 4 hours in an 8-hour day. Plaintiff should no more than 2 occasionally climb ramps and stairs, but should never climb ladders, ropes, or scaffolds. 3 Plaintiff should no more than occasionally balance, stoop, kneel, crouch and crawl. She 4 can no more than frequently reach, handle, finger and feel with the right upper extremity. 5 • Plaintiff is unable to perform any past relevant work. 6 • Plaintiff was born on October 19, 1969, and was 45 years old, which is defined as a 7 younger individual age 18-49, on the alleged disability onset date. 8 • Plaintiff has at least a high school education and is able to communicate in English. 9 • Transferability of job skills is not material to the determination of disability because 10 using the Medical-Vocational Rules as a framework supports a finding that Plaintiff is 11 “not disabled,” whether or not she has transferable job skills. 12 • Considering Plaintiff’s age, education, work experience, and residual functional capacity, 13 there are jobs that exist in significant numbers in the national economy that she can 14 perform. 15 • Plaintiff has not been under a disability, as defined in the Social Security Act, from June 16 9, 2015, through the date of this decision. 17 (AR 20-30.) 18 III. 19 LEGAL STANDARD 20 To qualify for disability insurance benefits under the Social Security Act, the claimant 21 must show that she is unable “to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any 22 medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death 23 or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 24 months.” 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(1)(A). The Social Security Regulations set out a five step 25 sequential evaluation process to be used in determining if a claimant is disabled. 20 C.F.R. § 26 404.1520;2 Batson v. Commissioner of Social Security Administration, 359 F.3d 1190, 1194 (9th 27 2 The cases generally cited herein reference the regulations which apply to disability insurance benefits, 20 C.F.R. 1 Cir. 2004). The five steps in the sequential evaluation in assessing whether the claimant is 2 disabled are:

3 Step one: Is the claimant presently engaged in substantial gainful activity? If so, the claimant is not disabled. If not, proceed to step two. 4 Step two: Is the claimant’s alleged impairment sufficiently severe to limit his or 5 her ability to work? If so, proceed to step three. If not, the claimant is not disabled. 6 Step three: Does the claimant’s impairment, or combination of impairments, meet 7 or equal an impairment listed in 20 C.F.R., pt. 404, subpt. P, app. 1? If so, the claimant is disabled. If not, proceed to step four. 8 Step four: Does the claimant possess the residual functional capacity (“RFC”) to 9 perform his or her past relevant work? If so, the claimant is not disabled. If not, proceed to step five. 10 Step five: Does the claimant’s RFC, when considered with the claimant’s age, 11 education, and work experience, allow him or her to adjust to other work that exists in significant numbers in the national economy? If so, the claimant is not 12 disabled. If not, the claimant is disabled. 13 Stout v. Commissioner, Social Sec. Admin., 454 F.3d 1050, 1052 (9th Cir. 2006). 14 Congress has provided that an individual may obtain judicial review of any final decision 15 of the Commissioner of Social Security regarding entitlement to benefits. 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). 16 In reviewing findings of fact in respect to the denial of benefits, this court “reviews the 17 Commissioner’s final decision for substantial evidence, and the Commissioner’s decision will be 18 disturbed only if it is not supported by substantial evidence or is based on legal error.” Hill v. 19 Astrue, 698 F.3d 1153, 1158 (9th Cir. 2012). “Substantial evidence” means more than a 20 scintilla, but less than a preponderance. Smolen v. Chater, 80 F.3d 1273, 1279 (9th Cir. 1996) 21 (internal quotations and citations omitted). “Substantial evidence is relevant evidence which, 22 considering the record as a whole, a reasonable person might accept as adequate to support a 23 conclusion.” Thomas v. Barnhart, 278 F.3d 947, 955 (9th Cir. 2002) (quoting Flaten v. Sec’y of 24 Health & Human Servs., 44 F.3d 1453, 1457 (9th Cir. 1995)). 25 “[A] reviewing court must consider the entire record as a whole and may not affirm 26 simply by isolating a specific quantum of supporting evidence.” Hill, 698 F.3d at 1159 (quoting 27 regulations are generally the same for both types of benefits. Therefore, further references are to the disability 1 Robbins v. Social Security Administration, 466 F.3d 880, 882 (9th Cir. 2006). However, it is not 2 this Court’s function to second guess the ALJ’s conclusions and substitute the court’s judgment 3 for the ALJ’s. See Burch v. Barnhart, 400 F.3d 676, 679 (9th Cir. 2005) (“Where evidence is 4 susceptible to more than one rational interpretation, it is the ALJ’s conclusion that must be 5 upheld.”). 6 IV. 7 DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS 8 Plaintiff contends that the ALJ erred by discounting the opinion of her treating Nurse 9 Practitioner (“NP”) Ryan Burdick; in discounting the symptom testimony of Plaintiff and her lay 10 witness, Lamika Williams; and by rejecting the limitations opined by the reviewing physicians in 11 favor of her own lay opinion leaving the residual functional capacity (“RFC”) unsupported by 12 substantial evidence. Defendant counters that the ALJ properly considered Mr. Burdock’s 13 opinion and provided germane reasons to discount the opinion; properly considered and provided 14 a germane reason to reject the opinion of Ms. Williams; provided legally sufficient reasons to 15 discount Plaintiff’s subjective symptom testimony; and properly evaluated the medical opinion 16 evidence.

17 A. The ALJ Provided Germane Reasons to Discount Nurse Practitioner Ryan Burdick’s Opinion 18 19 Plaintiff contends that the ALJ erred by failing to offer acceptable reasons to reject the 20 opinion by NP Burdick who was her treating provider. Plaintiff argues that the ALJ erred by 21 misreading the signature and failing to realize that the opinion was that of her treating provider 22 and did not consider his treatment notes. 23 Defendant counters that the ALJ properly gave NP Burdick’s opinion little weight 24 because it was inconsistent with the treatment records from the clinic which were mostly NP 25 Burdick’s findings, it was not supported by clinical or diagnostic findings, and was quite 26 barebones, and it was contradicted by the opinion of Dr. Wagner that Plaintiff was capable of 27 light work. 1 medical sources. 20 C.F.R. § 416.902. Under the regulations, a medical opinion is a statement 2 from an acceptable medical source that reflects judgment about the nature and severity of the 3 claimant’s impairments. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1513(a)(2). For claims filed before March 27, 2017, 4 only licensed physicians and other qualified specialists were “acceptable medical sources” under 5 20 C.F.R. § 416.927(a). See SSR 06-3p: Sources of Evidence; Disability Determinations by 6 Other Agencies. Mental health counselors, licensed clinical social workers, and nurse 7 practitioners were “other sources” under 20 C.F.R. § 404.1513(d). Id. 8 Pursuant to the regulations, medical opinions from “other medical sources,” such as nurse 9 practitioners must be considered. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(f). In considering the opinion from an 10 “other medical source,” the ALJ is to consider the length of the treatment relationship and the 11 frequency of examination, nature and extent of the treatment relationship, supportability, 12 consistency, and specialization of the source. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c). However, “not every 13 factor for weighing opinion evidence will apply in every case because the evaluation of an 14 opinion from a medical source who is not an acceptable medical source or from a nonmedical 15 source depends on the particular facts in each case.” 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(f)(1). 16 To disregard evidence from other sources, the ALJ must provide reasons germane to each 17 witness for doing so. Lewis v. Apfel, 236 F.3d 503, 511 (9th Cir. 2001); Turner v. Comm’r of 18 Soc. Sec., 613 F.3d 1217, 1224 (9th Cir. 2010). The germane reasons provided must be specific 19 to each witness. Bruce v. Astrue, 557 F.3d 1113, 1115 (9th Cir. 2009). The parties agree that 20 under the regulations in effect at the time the ALJ was required to provide germane reasons to 21 reject the opinion of NP Burdick. 22 The ALJ considered that “[i]n June 2018, one of the claimant’s primary care providers, 23 Ryan Bowdoin NP, completed a ‘Verification of Incapacity’ form for the claimant to obtain 24 general relief-or state benefits-on account of her inability to work.” (AR 25, 446-447.) In the 25 form, NP Burdick opined that “due to back pain the claimant could not perform prolonged 26 standing or sitting, and because of shoulder pain she had range of motion limitations. (AR 25, 27 446.) The ALJ gave this statement little weight because it was quite barebones and was lacking 1 were few objective findings from Plaintiff’s appointments at the clinic and those that were 2 documented reveal at most moderate abnormalities and not enough to support a blanket opinion 3 that Plaintiff was unable to work. (AR 25.) 4 To the extent that NP Burdick opined that Plaintiff was unable to work, even a “treating 5 physician’s opinion is not” “necessarily conclusive as to either physical condition or the ultimate 6 issue of disability.” Magallanes v. Bowen, 881 F.2d 747, 751 (9th Cir. 1989). Opinions on some 7 issues are not medical opinions, but are opinions on issues reserved for the Commissioner. 20 8 C.F.R. § 404.1527(a)(1). One such issue is that the claimant is “disabled” or “unable to work.” 9 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(d)(1). The ALJ does not give any special significance to opinions on 10 issues that are reserved for the Commissioner. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(d)(3). As the issue of 11 whether Plaintiff is able to work is reserved for the Commissioner, the Court finds that the ALJ 12 did not err in rejecting NP Burdick’s opinion that Plaintiff was unable to work. (AR 25, 466.) 13 Plaintiff argues that the ALJ erred by not crediting the opinion to NP Burdick who was 14 Plaintiff’s treating provider. However, the ALJ did consider that the opinion was by a treating 15 provider and the treatment records of the clinic which are the records of NP Burdick. (AR 25.) 16 The ALJ considered that during the period at issue Plaintiff sought treatment relatively regularly 17 at Family Medicine Health Center. (AR 25, 317-347, 455-501.) At these appointments, 18 Plaintiff’s primary complaints were of shoulder pain, back pain, and knee pain, and her treatment 19 primarily consisted of refills of her pain medications. (AR 25.) She also saw her provider for 20 management of her diabetes and hypertension. (AR 24, 462 (January 2019), 463 (February 21 2019), 466 (October 2018), 467 (March 2019), 468 (August 2018), 474 (September 2017), 479 22 (May 2017), 483 (March 2017); 322 (April 2016), 328 (October 2015)). 23 The ALJ found that the objective findings showed that her providers generally took few 24 and limited notations of physical examinations, with a simple checkmark indicating “normal” or 25 “abnormal” in each body system and few details beyond that. (AR 25, 323 (May 2016), 330 26 (August 2015), 473 (October 2017), 30 (March 2017)). The ALJ noted that occasionally more 27 detailed findings were documented. (AR 25.) Such as, on several occasions it was documented 1 in her left knee, and tenderness in her lower back with range of motion limitations. (AR 25, 462 2 (January 2019), 463 (February 2019), 479 (May 2017)). The ALJ noted that Plaintiff’s medical 3 providers documented that her diabetes was without complication. (AR 25, 468 (August 2018)). 4 Plaintiff reported that her diabetes was stable with her current medications. (AR 25, 479 (May 5 2017)). The ALJ also considered that throughout much of the period at issue Plaintiff’s weight 6 ranged from 215 to 240 pounds, for a BMI of 39 to 43. (AR 25, 427, 466, 476, 470.) The Court 7 finds that the ALJ properly considered the factors in addressing NP Burdick’s opinion. 8 Plaintiff argues that the ALJ erred because he was required to weigh the functional 9 limitations set forth in the opinion. However, the ALJ did consider that the opinion was lacking 10 in specificity on her limitations. (AR 25.) NP Burdick opined that Plaintiff’s chronic back pain 11 causes issues with prolonged sitting and standing and shoulder rotation makes use of arm 12 limited. (AR 446.) Plaintiff argues that these are specific limitations and the limitation to 13 prolonged sitting and standing, and reduced shoulder limitation would preclude work activity. 14 However, the ALJ properly found that NP Burdick’s opinion lacks specificity as to the 15 limitations themselves. “The lack of specificity as to functional limitations is a legitimate reason 16 to discount a medical opinion.” Gerde v. Berryhill, No. C14-5679-MAT, 2018 WL 2193194, at 17 *3 (W.D. Wash. May 14, 2018). 18 Here, NP Burdick’s opinion that Plaintiff has issues with prolonged sitting and standing, 19 and limitations in shoulder rotation are not specific enough to assist the ALJ in determining 20 Plaintiff’s residual functional capacity. See James S. v. Saul, No. 6:19-CV-1004-SI, 2021 WL 21 1181169, at *9 (D. Or. Mar. 29, 2021) (finding need to take breaks “irregularly” is vague as to 22 the frequency and duration of the breaks); Klein v. Astrue, No. 3:11-CV-05309-RBL, 2012 WL 23 1416263, at *4 (W.D. Wash. Feb. 14, 2012), report and recommendation adopted, No. 3:11-CV- 24 05309-RBL, 2012 WL 1416262 (W.D. Wash. Apr. 24, 2012) (medical opinion can be rejected 25 due to its lack of specificity). NP Burdick did not include any specific limitations and 26 “prolonged” is too vague to determine the amount of time that Plaintiff is capable of sitting or 27 standing. Similarly, although NP Burdick opined that shoulder rotation makes use of the arm 1 The Court finds that any error in naming the correct provider as the author of the opinion 2 was harmless. Burch, 400 F.3d at 679; Molina v. Astrue, 674 F.3d 1104, 1115 (9th Cir. 2012). 3 Although the ALJ incorrectly identified the author of the opinion, she did note that it was 4 authored by a treating provider at the clinic and considered the clinic’s medical records. (AR 5 25.) Further, in considering the objective findings in the medical records from the clinic, the 6 ALJ noted that there were few and limited notations of physical examinations with simply a 7 check mark indicating “normal” or “abnormal” for each body system and few details beyond 8 that. (AR 25.) The ALJ found that while there were some objective findings in the records of 9 right shoulder pain with palpitation and range of motion limitations, tenderness in her left knee, 10 and tenderness in her lower back with range of motion limitations, the records generally recorded 11 at most moderate abnormalities that would not support the blanket opinion that Plaintiff is unable 12 to work. (AR 25.) 13 Plaintiff argues that there are medical findings in the record that would support NP 14 Burdick’s opinion that she was incapable of work, however, “the key question is not whether 15 there is substantial evidence that could support a finding of disability, but whether there is 16 substantial evidence to support the Commissioner’s actual finding that claimant is not disabled.” 17 Jamerson v. Chater, 112 F.3d 1064, 1067 (9th Cir. 1997). Review of the clinic’s medical records 18 demonstrates that despite occasional notations of objective findings of pain or tenderness or 19 difficulty lifting her arm (AR 323, 326, 328, 330, 462, 463, 479, 482, 483), the records largely 20 document only “normal” or “abnormal” for each body system or no abnormal findings. (AR 21 322, 324, 325, 327, 329, 334, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 469, 470, 471, 472, 473, 474, 475, 476, 22 477, 478, 481.) The ALJ could reasonably conclude that the records generally recorded at most 23 moderate abnormalities that would not support the blanket opinion that Plaintiff is unable to 24 work. (AR 25.) 25 Plaintiff argues that the ALJ erred because the other medical evidence in the record 26 supports that she is unable to work, however the ALJ considered and provided great weight to 27 the contrary opinion of Dr. Wagner who is a licensed physician and board certified in internal 1 opinion was consistent with his findings and the subsequent evidence in the medical record. (AR 2 26-27.) Dr. Wagner found that Plaintiff had the ability to stand and walk up to four hours; no 3 limitations in sitting with normal breaks; did not use an assistive device; could lift and carry 4 twenty pounds occasionally and ten pound frequently; could occasionally climb, kneel, crouch, 5 and crawl; and could frequently handle, finger, and feel. (AR 389.) 6 The ALJ provided germane reasons to reject NP Burdick’s June 2018 opinion.

7 B. The ALJ Provided Clear and Convincing Reasons to Discount Plaintiff’s Subjective Pain Testimony 8 9 Plaintiff contends that the ALJ improperly rejected her symptom testimony by failing to 10 provide specific clear and convincing reasons. Plaintiff argues that the ALJ cannot reject her 11 symptom testimony because it is not supported by the objective medical evidence and that the 12 ALJ found that her statements were contradicted by her daily activities because she lives alone 13 and therefore must be able to attend to her daily activities. 14 Defendant counters that the ALJ properly found that 1) the objective medical evidence 15 did not support Plaintiff’s symptom allegations; 2) the extreme allegations were inconsistent with 16 the course of treatment and Plaintiff’s improvement and stability on medication; and her 17 inconsistent statement to the consultative examiner that she was able to live alone, cook, clean, 18 shop, perform her activities of daily living, and do some walking, light gardening, and stair 19 climbing to get into her apartment. 20 Plaintiff replies that the ALJ failed to specifically identify the testimony that was not 21 credible and explain what undermines the testimony. 22 “An ALJ is not required to believe every allegation of disabling pain or other non- 23 exertional impairment.” Orn v. Astrue, 495 F.3d 625, 635 (9th Cir. 2007) (internal punctuation 24 and citations omitted). Determining whether a claimant’s testimony regarding subjective pain or 25 symptoms is credible, requires the ALJ to engage in a two-step analysis. Molina, 674 F.3d at 26 1112. The ALJ must first determine if “the claimant has presented objective medical evidence of 27 an underlying impairment which could reasonably be expected to produce the pain or other 1 punctuation and citations omitted). This does not require the claimant to show that her 2 impairment could be expected to cause the severity of the symptoms that are alleged, but only 3 that it reasonably could have caused some degree of symptoms. Smolen, 80 F.3d at 1282. 4 Then “the ALJ may reject the claimant’s testimony about the severity of those symptoms 5 only by providing specific, clear, and convincing reasons for doing so.” Brown-Hunter v. 6 Colvin, 806 F.3d 487, 488–89 (9th Cir. 2015). “The ALJ must specifically make findings that 7 support this conclusion and the findings must be sufficiently specific to allow a reviewing court 8 to conclude the ALJ rejected the claimant’s testimony on permissible grounds and did not 9 arbitrarily discredit the claimant’s testimony.” Moisa v. Barnhart, 367 F.3d 882, 885 (9th Cir. 10 2004) (internal punctuation and citations omitted). Factors that may be considered in assessing a 11 claimant’s subjective pain and symptom testimony include the claimant’s daily activities; the 12 location, duration, intensity and frequency of the pain or symptoms; factors that cause or 13 aggravate the symptoms; the type, dosage, effectiveness or side effects of any medication; other 14 measures or treatment used for relief; functional restrictions; and other relevant factors. 15 Lingenfelter, 504 F.3d at 1040; Thomas, 278 F.3d at 958. In assessing the claimant’s credibility, 16 the ALJ may also consider “(1) ordinary techniques of credibility evaluation, such as the 17 claimant’s reputation for lying, prior inconsistent statements concerning the symptoms, and other 18 testimony by the claimant that appears less than candid; [and] (2) unexplained or inadequately 19 explained failure to seek treatment or to follow a prescribed course of treatment. . ..” 20 Tommasetti v. Astrue, 533 F.3d 1035, 1039 (9th Cir. 2008) (quoting Smolen, 80 F.3d at 1284). 21 The district court is constrained to review those reasons that the ALJ provided in finding the 22 claimant’s testimony not credible. Brown-Hunter, 806 F.3d at 492. 23 The ALJ considered that Plaintiff alleged that she was disabled due to severe symptoms 24 and limitations caused by her lumbar spine impairment, knee impairment, and shoulder 25 impairment. (AR 24, 52, 54, 56.) She endorsed pain in her lower back that radiates with 26 numbness and weakness in her right leg. (AR 24, 58.) Her right leg drags on a weekly basis. 27 (AR 24, 58.) She experiences numbness from her knees into her feet. (AR 24, 58.) Some days 1 and do activities such as cooking. (AR 24, 55.) She developed right arm pain two years ago. 2 (AR 24, 52.) For treatment, Plaintiff takes medication and applies topical treatment. (AR 24, 54, 3 55.) Plaintiff also uses a rolling walker. (AR 24, 55, 58.) She has no side effects from her 4 medication and they provide relief from her back pain. (AR 24, 55-56.) 5 The ALJ also considered that Plaintiff testified that she can do light household chores, 6 such as dishwashing and wiping down the counters, and some cooking while she sits in her 7 seated walker. (AR 24, 55.) Plaintiff is most comfortable during the day when she is lying down 8 and spends most of her day lying down. (AR 24, 55.) 9 The ALJ found that Plaintiff’s medically determinable impairments could reasonably be 10 expected to cause the alleged symptoms, but that her statements concerning the intensity, 11 persistence and limiting effects of the symptoms was not entirely consistent with the medical 12 evidence and the other evidence in the medical record for the reasons discussed in the opinion. 13 (AR 24.) 14 The ALJ also noted that in September 2016, Plaintiff reported that she lived in her home 15 and did her own cooking and cleaning. (AR 26, 395.) She went shopping, performed her own 16 personal care activities without assistance, did some walking, light gardening and climbed stairs 17 to get into her house. (AR 26, 395.) 18 The ALJ noted that although Plaintiff stated that she spent most of her day lying down 19 and uses a rolling walker, there was no evidence that she appeared at her medical appointments 20 with a walker or any ambulatory device. (AR 27.) Further, Plaintiff lives alone and thus must be 21 able to independently perform her activities of daily living, do her household chores, and go 22 grocery shopping. (AR 27.) Dr. Wagner documented that Plaintiff was a very pleasant woman 23 with fairly robust daily activities. (AR 27, 395, 396.) 24 Plaintiff argues that the ALJ improperly assumed that Plaintiff was able to independently 25 perform her activities of daily living and do household chores because she lived alone. But the 26 ALJ considered that Dr. Wagner documented that Plaintiff reported that she lives alone and does 27 her own cooking and cleaning. (AR 26, 395.) She reported that she does not drive, but shops 1 walking, climbs stairs at home and some light gardening. (AR 26, 395.) 2 Further, Plaintiff reported at her pain management appointments that she was able to 3 perform her activities of daily living and is able to clean her home and cook. (AR 407, 412, 416, 4 422, 426.) 5 The ALJ could reasonably find that Plaintiff’s reported activities demonstrated that she 6 was able to live alone, could independently perform her activities of daily living, do her 7 household chores, and go grocery shopping which demonstrated greater functionality that she 8 testified to at the February 8, 2019 hearing. 9 The ALJ also found that the objective evidence in the medical record did not support 10 Plaintiff’s testimony regarding the severity of her symptoms. Plaintiff does not contest the 11 ALJ’s finding that the objective evidence in the medical record does not support the limitations 12 opined, but argues that the ALJ cannot rely on the lack of objective evidence to discount her 13 symptom limitations. 14 The determination that a claimant’s complaints are inconsistent with clinical evaluations 15 can satisfy the requirement of stating a clear and convincing reason for discrediting the 16 claimant’s testimony. Regennitter v. Commissioner of Social Sec. Admin., 166 F.3d 1294, 1297 17 9th Cir. 1999). The ALJ properly considered this evidence in weighing Plaintiff’s credibility. 18 “While subjective pain testimony cannot be rejected on the sole ground that it is not fully 19 corroborated by objective medical evidence, the medical evidence is still a relevant factor in 20 determining the severity of the claimant’s pain and its disabling effects.” Rollins v. Massanari, 21 261 F.3d 853, 857 (9th Cir. 2001) (citing 20 C.F.R. § 404.1529(c)(2)). 22 The ALJ considered that although Plaintiff alleged she is unable to work due to a knee 23 impairment, a February 13, 2019 x-ray of her left knee only showed mild medial compartment 24 degenerative changes and early degenerative changes in the patellofemoral compartment. (AR 25 24, 500.) A September 2015, x-ray of her right knee showed marked degenerative changes with 26 marked narrowing of the medial compartment and her left knee showed the same findings. (AR 27 24, 344, 346.) An MRI of Plaintiff’s right should on December 12, 2017 showed mild to 1 conduction study on July 2016 that returned normal results. (AR 25, 429-431.) 2 As discussed above, the ALJ also considered that Plaintiff was regularly treated at the 3 Family Medicine Health Clinic and complained of shoulder pain, back pain and knee pain, but 4 treatment primarily consisted of refills of her pain medication. (AR 25.) She was also treated 5 for management of her diabetes and hypertension. (AR 25.) The providers took few to limited 6 notations on physical examination with a simple checkmark indicating normal or abnormal in 7 each body system and few details beyond. (AR 25.) There were occasionally more detailed 8 findings documenting right shoulder pain with palpation and range of motion limitations, 9 tenderness in her left knee, and tenderness in her lower back with range of motion limitations. 10 (AR 25.) 11 Plaintiff saw Dr. Edwards for pain management starting on September 5, 2017, and 12 complained of lower back pain, right leg pain with tingling and diminished sensation, and 13 occasional episodes of her right leg giving way. (AR 25 452-453.) Plaintiff was found to have 14 diffuse tenderness over her lumbosacral area with range of motion limitations, but had negative 15 straight leg raise bilaterally and no atrophy of the lower extremities. (AR 25, 452.) She had 16 diminished sensation over her right thigh and part of her calf muscle but 4/5 strength in her 17 extremities. (AR 25-26, 452-453.) Reflexes were 1+ in the knees and ankles. (AR 26, 453.) 18 Plaintiff walked with a normal gait and was able to toe raises without difficulty. (AR 26, 453.) 19 Dr. Edwards prescribed Gabapentin and Norco on a limited basis. (AR 26, 453.) 20 Plaintiff continued to see Dr. Edwards through August 2018, complaining of lower back 21 pain, knee pain, and shoulder pain. (AR 26, 448, 449, 450, 451, 488.) Dr. Edwards continued 22 prescribing medication and encouraged Plaintiff to stay active at home. (AR 26, 448, 449, 451.) 23 She reported that her medication reduced her pain level to a 3 out of 10. (AR 26, 450.) 24 In 2016, Plaintiff was seen at Lags Spine and Sportscare complaining of bilateral knee 25 pain, and lower back and leg pain. (AR 26, 354, 359, 364, 369, 374, 381, 385, 387, 405, 410, 26 416, 421, 426.) Physical examinations documented range of motion limitations in her lumbar 27 spine with tenderness, a negative straight leg raise in the sitting and supine positions, negative 1 371-372, 376-377, 383, 388-389, 407-408, 412, 417, 423.) Her sensations and reflexes were 2 intact throughout with 5/5 strength throughout and Plaintiff walked with a normal gait. (AR 26, 3 356, 366, 371, 383, 389, 407-408, 412-413, 417-418, 423-424.) 4 The ALJ also considered that Dr. Wagner conducted an internal medicine consultative 5 examination and complained of lower back pain that radiated to her right thigh, bilateral knee 6 pain, and numbness to her fingers. (AR 26, 394-395.) However, Plaintiff was able to make a fist 7 and only had slightly reduced grip on the right and reported rarely dropping things. (AR 26, 8 395.) She described that she lived on her own and did her own cooking and cleaning, went 9 shopping, performed her personal care without assistance, did some walking and light gardening, 10 and climbed stairs. (AR 26, 395.) 11 Dr. Wagner noted that Plaintiff was easily able to get up from a chair in the waiting room 12 and walk at a moderate speed back to the examination room without an ambulatory device, 13 although she had a limp on the right side. (AR 26, 395.) Plaintiff sat comfortably, was able to 14 get on and off the examination table, and could bend at the waist to take off her shoes and socks 15 and put them back on. (AR 26, 395-396.) Dr. Wagner noted that Plaintiff had good dexterity. 16 (AR 26, 396.) She could oppose her fingers and pick up a paperclip. (AR 26, 396.) Plaintiff 17 could take several steps on her toes and heels although some right knee pain was noted. (AR 26, 18 396.) Plaintiff had negative Romberg sign and normal station. (AR 26, 396.) Her gait was 19 normal except for the limp on the right side. (AR 26, 396.) She had a minimally positive 20 straight leg raise on the right side. (AR 26, 397.) Plaintiff had some swelling of the knees and 21 1+ crepitus but without tenderness or laxity. (AR 26, 397.) Strength was 5/5 in the upper and 22 lower extremities, but she did have reduced grip strength of 4+/5 in the right hand. (AR 26, 23 397.) Sensations and reflexes were intact throughout. (AR 26, 397.) 24 The ALJ could reasonably find that the largely unremarkable findings in the medical 25 record were inconsistent with Plaintiff’s symptom testimony. The ALJ’s credibility finding is 26 supported by substantial evidence in the record and viewed together provide clear and 27 convincing reasons to support the credibility finding. 1 C. The ALJ Provided a Germane Reason to Reject the Testimony of Lamika Williams 2 3 Plaintiff argues that the ALJ rejected lay witness testimony of Lamika Williams without 4 comment. Defendant counters that the ALJ considered Ms. Williams testimony and because it 5 mirrored that of Plaintiff and the ALJ properly rejected the testimony of Plaintiff any error was 6 harmless. Plaintiff replies that Defendant did not identify a reason to reject Ms. Williams 7 testimony because the ALJ did not provide one and this requires remand. 8 “In determining whether a claimant is disabled, an ALJ must consider lay witness 9 testimony concerning a claimant’s ability to work.” Stout, 454 F.3d at 1053; 20 C.F.R. § 10 404.1513(b)(4). The ALJ must give specific reasons germane to the witness in discounting the 11 lay witness testimony. Stout, 454 F.3d at 1056. Where the ALJ gives reasons for rejecting the 12 claimant’s testimony that are equally relevant to similar testimony provided by lay witnesses, 13 that would support a finding that the lay witness testimony is similarly not credible. Molina, 674 14 F.3d at 1114. However, if the ALJ ignores lay witness testimony that is highly probative of the 15 claimant’s condition, “a reviewing court cannot consider the error harmless unless it can 16 confidently conclude that no reasonable ALJ, when fully crediting the testimony, could have 17 reached a different disability determination.” Cindy F. v. Berryhill, 367 F.Supp.3d 1195, 1216 18 (D. Or. 2019) (quoting Stout, 454 F.3d at 1056). 19 Although Plaintiff argues that the ALJ failed to provide any reason to reject the testimony 20 of Ms. Williams, the ALJ did specifically address the opinion and provided a germane reason. 21 (AR 21.) The ALJ considered that “claimant’s niece” testified that she believed Plaintiff was 22 suffering from depression and anxiety due to the death of her mother and inability to support 23 herself. (AR 21, 64.) However, Ms. Williams also testified that Plaintiff interacts with her 24 family members on a regular basis. (21, 64.) Further, the ALJ considered that Plaintiff had 25 made no allegations of depression nor had she alleged depression in her disability paperwork. 26 (AR 21.) The ALJ also considered that while there are a few occasions in the medical record in 27 which Plaintiff was found to have moderate depression (AR 21, 426 (August 2016), 410 (November 2016); 387 (April 2016), at subsequent appointments and the consultative 1 examination Plaintiff did not complain of depression (AR 21, 394-395, 406, 412, 423, 440, 441, 2 442, 443,444, 445, 448, 449, 450, 451, 462, 463, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 469, 470, 471, 472, 3 473, 474, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479, 481, 482, 483.) An ALJ may reject lay witness testimony that 4 conflicts with the medical evidence. Lewis, 236 F.3d at 511; Bayliss v. Barnhart, 427 F.3d 1211, 5 1218 (9th Cir. 2005). 6 The ALJ also considered Ms. Williams testimony that over the past few years Plaintiff’s 7 condition has declined, her pain has increased, and she has difficulty going up the stairs, and 8 walks with a limp that has gotten worse, and she believes that Plaintiff requires a cane. (AR 25, 9 63-64.) However, Ms. Williams did not set forth any specific limitations and the ALJ 10 incorporated the increased pain, difficulty climbing stairs, and difficulty walking into the residual 11 functional capacity. The ALJ found that Plaintiff was limited to walking only four hours in an 12 eight hour day and could only occasionally climb stairs. (AR 23.) 13 To the extent that Ms. Williams believed that Plaintiff needed a cane to walk, the ALJ 14 addressed that Plaintiff used a walker to sit down when she was cooking but there was no 15 evidence that she appeared with a walker or assistive device in the medical record which 16 demonstrated generally normal station and gait. (AR 27.) Further, Ms. Williams’ testimony that 17 Plaintiff was unable to work due to her limitations is similar to Plaintiff’s testimony that was 18 rejected by the ALJ. “[W]here the ALJ rejects a witness’s testimony without providing germane 19 reasons, but has already provided germane reasons for rejecting similar testimony, we cannot 20 reverse the agency merely because the ALJ did not “clearly link his determination to those 21 reasons.” Molina, 674 F.3d at 1121. Where the reasons provided for rejecting the claimant’s 22 statements “apply with equal force to the lay testimony” any error would be harmless. Sievers v. 23 Berryhill, 734 F. App’x 467, 471 (9th Cir. 2018); Watkins v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 611 24 F. App’x 903, 904 (9th Cir. 2015).3 Here, since the ALJ rejected the similar testimony of 25 Plaintiff, any error was harmless. The ALJ’s decision will not be reversed for errors that are 26 harmless. Burch, 400 F.3d at 679. 27 1 The Court finds no reversible error in the ALJ’s consideration of Ms. Williams’ 2 testimony.

3 D. Whether the Mental Residual Capacity Findings are Supported by Substantial Evidence in the Record 4 Plaintiff contends that the ALJ erred by rejecting the limitations opined by the reviewing 5 physicians in favor of her own lay opinion and without proper evaluation of the records leaving 6 the RFC unsupported by substantial evidence in the record. Plaintiff argues that the ALJ rejected 7 Drs. Covey and Collado’s opinions regarding Plaintiff’s moderate limitations in her ability to 8 maintain attention and concentration for extended periods and to complete a normal workday and 9 workweek without interruptions from psychological based symptoms. Plaintiff states that the 10 finding that the medical opinions are not supported by sufficient evidentiary findings or are 11 contrary to the conclusions mandated by the objective findings does not met the level of 12 specificity required. Plaintiff points to records in which Plaintiff was found to be depressed and 13 the testimony of her lay witness to support her argument that the residual functional capacity 14 assessment is not supported by the record. 15 Defendant counters that the ALJ properly evaluated the opinions of Drs. Collado and 16 Covey and properly found they were inconsistent with the record after the prior decision. 17 Defendant argues that the ALJ found that the agency physicians had relied heavily on the prior 18 decision in which her depression had been found to be severe, but that the record after the 19 decision showed routine mental health screenings from her providers and she did not allege 20 depression at other appointments. 21 Plaintiff replies that her assertions denying depression and failing to allege depression 22 during her physical consultative examination are not a legitimate reason to reject Drs. Collado 23 and Covey’s opinions. Plaintiff contends that the broader record shows that Plaintiff’s symptoms 24 persisted and her lack of treatment was not due to lack of symptoms.4 25 4 Although Plaintiff states that the ALJ erred in rejecting the opinions of Drs. Collado and Covey, Plaintiff has not 26 addressed the legal standard to reject a physician opinion and the argument presented is that the RFC is not supported by substantial evidence in the record. Nor has Plaintiff challenged the ALJ’s finding that her depression 27 is non-severe. Accordingly, the Court finds that Plaintiff has waived the non-severe finding and the issue of whether the reasons provided to reject the opinion meet the standard to reject a physician opinion. Ghanim v. Colvin, 763 1 A claimant’s RFC is “the most [the claimant] can still do despite [his] limitations.” 20 2 C.F.R. § 416.945(a)(1). The RFC is “based on all the relevant evidence in [the] case record.” 20 3 C.F.R. § 416.945(a)(1). “The ALJ must consider a claimant’s physical and mental abilities, § 4 416.920(b) and (c), as well as the total limiting effects caused by medically determinable 5 impairments and the claimant’s subjective experiences of pain, § 416.920(e).” Garrison v. 6 Colvin, 759 F.3d 995, 1011 (9th Cir. 2014). At step four the RFC is used to determine if a 7 claimant can do past relevant work and at step five to determine if a claimant can adjust to other 8 work. Garrison, 759 F.3d at 1011. “In order for the testimony of a VE to be considered reliable, 9 the hypothetical posed must include ‘all of the claimant’s functional limitations, both physical 10 and mental’ supported by the record.” Thomas, 278 F.3d at 956. 11 The parties agree that the ALJ can meet his burden to show that the physician opinion is 12 unsupported by the medical record “by setting out a detailed and thorough summary of the facts 13 and conflicting clinical evidence, stating his interpretation thereof, and making findings.” 14 Magallanes, 881 F.2d at 751 (quoting Cotton v. Bowen , 779 F.2d 1403, 1408 (9th Cir. 1989)). 15 As discussed above, in addressing whether Plaintiff’s depression was a severe mental 16 impairment, the ALJ considered Ms. Williams’s testimony that she believes Plaintiff is suffering 17 from depression and anxiety due to the death of her mother and inability to support herself. (AR 18 21.) In reviewing the medical record, the ALJ found only one instance in which depression was 19 raised. (AR 21.) 20 The ALJ considered the records from Lags Spine and Sportscare where Plaintiff received 21 her pain management. On April 2, 2016, plaintiff presented for a new patient examination and 22 complained of pain in her lower back and bilateral knees. (AR 387.) She was screened for 23 depression and the interpretation is moderately severe depression. (AR 387.) Plaintiff denied 24 having a depressed mood. (AR 388.) There was no aberrant behavior noted. (AR 390.) 25 On August 3, 2016, Plaintiff was seen complaining of bilateral knee, leg and lower back 26 pain. (AR 426.) She was screened and found to have moderate depression, however, the record 27 also states that the depression screening on August 3, 2016 was negative. (AR 426, 427.) 1 was noted. (AR 428.) 2 On November 2, 2016, Plaintiff was seen for her right knee, bilateral leg and lower back 3 pain. (AR 410.) She was screened for depression and was found to have moderately severe 4 depression. (AR 410.) Plaintiff denied having a depressed mood. (AR 412.) The record notes 5 that she was a pleasant woman of 47 years old being seen for back pain and knee pain. (AR 6 413.) However, the ALJ found that there were no allegations or reports of depression or other 7 mental symptoms at later appointments. (AR 21.) 8 Review of the records from LAGS supports the ALJ’s findings. Plaintiff was seen on 9 May 3, 2016, and denied having a depressed mood. (AR 383.) She was noted to have a positive 10 depression screening and a depressed, irritable mood. (AR 385.) Plaintiff reported that she had 11 been depressed for one day in the previous 2 weeks. (AR 385.) Plaintiff was oriented, with 12 normal speech quality, but quantity was depressed. (AR 385.) She was to follow up with a 13 social worker for counseling. (AR 385.) However, there is no evidence in the record that 14 Plaintiff received counseling. 15 However, on June 3, 2016; June 17, 2016; July 1, 2016; August 24, 2016; October 3, 16 2016; December 5, 2016; Plaintiff denied having a depressed mood or memory loss and there are 17 no findings that would indicate depression. (AR 356, 366, 370, 375, 383, 406, 417.) The ALJ 18 noted that Plaintiff had not received any medications for depression or any other mental 19 condition. (AR 21.) 20 The ALJ gave little weight to the opinions of Drs. Collado and Covey who opined that 21 Plaintiff’s depression was severe with moderate limitations in concentration, persistence and 22 pace, but mild limitations in social functioning. (AR 27.) The ALJ found that they relied 23 heavily on the past ALJ decision in which Plaintiff had been found to have severe depression. 24 (AR 27, 101, 126.) The agency physicians did note that Plaintiff had not alleged depression in 25 her current application, but that she had been found to have moderate depression in screening 26 tests. (AR 27.) However, the ALJ found that in subsequent examinations Plaintiff denied having 27 a depressed mood. (AR 27, 356, 366, 370, 375, 383, 406, 417.) Plaintiff did not endorse 1 woman with fairly robust daily activities. (AR 27.) The ALJ found that there was little evidence 2 to support depression as an ongoing severe impairment. (AR 27.) 3 Plaintiff argues that the ALJ erred by because there is evidence of depression in the 4 record and the ALJ’s selective focusing on Plaintiff’s denials that she was depressed during 5 physical examination is not sufficient to reject the limitations opined by the agency physicians. 6 However, the agency physicians applied Chavez to find that Plaintiff’s depression was severe, 7 and the ALJ found that Chavez did not apply because there had been changed circumstances and 8 there was new and material evidence relating to the determination of disability which included 9 the decreased severity of her mental impairment. (AR 17-18.) The ALJ could reasonably 10 conclude that the subsequent medical record demonstrated an improvement in Plaintiff’s mental 11 impairment. 12 First, as the ALJ noted, Plaintiff did not alleged depression in her current application. 13 (AR 27, 90.) Second, the ALJ noted only a single medical record in which Plaintiff complained 14 of depression (AR 385 (May 3, 2016)) and as discussed above on subsequent visits Plaintiff 15 denied have a depressed mood or any memory issues. Third, as the ALJ noted and discussed 16 below, there is very little evidence to support depression as an ongoing severe impairment. (AR 17 27.) 18 Plaintiff argues that the ALJ selectively focused on the facts that Plaintiff denied 19 depression and the broader record shows that Plaintiff’s symptoms persisted. Plaintiff points to 20 four records of medical visits to support her argument. The first is the August 3, 2016 visit. 21 Although the record shows a depression screening finding moderate depression and that Plaintiff 22 reported feeling down or depressed nearly every single day (AR 359), this same visit notes that 23 Plaintiff denied having depression and that the depression screening findings were negative on 24 this date (AR 360.) 25 The second is a note on May 3, 2016, which documents a depressed and irritable mood, 26 intense affect, and psychomotor retardation. (AR 359.) Plaintiff reported that she had been 27 depressed for one day in the past two weeks. (AR 359.) Plaintiff was to follow up with a social 1 The third is a depression screening on April 2, 2016, in which Plaintiff was found to have 2 moderately severe depression. (AR 387.) However, again this same record indicates that 3 Plaintiff denied having a depressed mood. (AR 388.) 4 The fourth is a November 2, 2016 depression screening in which Plaintiff was found to 5 have moderately severe depression. (AR 410.) But again the record indicates that Plaintiff 6 denied depression at this same visit. (AR 412.) 7 Plaintiff also argues that the testimony of her lay witness, Ms. Williams supports 8 continuing symptoms of depression. Specifically, Ms. Williams testified that Plaintiff was 9 “suffering a little from depression due to the loss of her mom and not being able to really support 10 herself like she used to be in the past. So, she’s been, you know, back and forth battling with 11 depression and anxiety.” (AR 65.) The testimony that Plaintiff was “suffering a little from 12 depression” is not inconsistent with the ALJ’s finding that Plaintiff only had mild symptoms and 13 does not support any moderate limitations in concentration, persistence and pace or in Plaintiff’s 14 ability to complete a normal workday and workweek without interruptions from psychological 15 based symptoms. 16 Review of the record as a whole supports the ALJ’s finding that Plaintiff’s depression 17 had improved. Other than a check box noting an abnormal finding of acute distress which do not 18 include any abnormal mental findings (AR 323, 440, 441, 462, 463, 464, 466, 467, 471, 472, 19 473, 476, 477), there are no medical visits in which any provider documented depression or 20 abnormal mental health findings or diagnosed depression (AR 322, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 330, 21 334, 396, 442, 443, 444, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 465, 468, 469, 470, 474, 475, 478, 479, 481, 22 482). 23 Substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s finding that Plaintiff did not have more than 24 mild mental limitations and the Court finds that the RFC is supported by substantial evidence. 25 V. 26 CONCLUSION AND ORDER 27 Based on the foregoing, the Court finds that the ALJ did not err in evaluating the opinion 1 | supported by substantial evidence. 2 Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that Plaintiff's appeal from the decision of the 3 | Commissioner of Social Security is DENIED. It is FURTHER ORDERED that judgment be 4 | entered in favor of Defendant Commissioner of Social Security and against Plaintiff Kimberly 5 | Denise Packard. The Clerk of the Court is directed to CLOSE this action. 6 7 IT IS SO ORDERED. DAA (e_ g | Dated: _May 19, 2021 _ OE 9 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

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