1 2 3 4 5 6 7 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 8 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 9 10 CARL FOUST, Case No. 2:20-cv-02553-WBS-JDP (PC) 11 Plaintiff, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

THAT PLAINTIFF’S SECOND AMENDED

12 v. COMPLAINT BE DISMISSED WITHOUT

LEAVE TO AMEND FOR FAILURE TO

13 CONSUMER ATTORNEY STATE A CLAIM

MARKETING SERVICE,

14 ECF No. 28 Defendant. 15 FOURTEEN-DAY DEADLINE FOR

OBJECTIONS

16 17 Plaintiff Carl Foust proceeds on his second amended complaint. ECF No. 28. His 18 original failed to state a claim, and the current one fares no better.1 Accordingly, I will 19 recommend that his most recent complaint be dismissed without leave to amend. 20 Screening Order 21 I. Screening and Pleading Requirements 22 A federal court must screen a prisoner’s complaint that seeks relief against a governmental 23 entity, officer, or employee. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a). The court must identify any cognizable 24 claims and dismiss any portion of the complaint that is frivolous or malicious, fails to state a 25 26

27 1 Plaintiff also filed a first amended complaint between his original and the most recent. Given that the most recent amended complaint supersedes those that preceded it, I consider only 28 the second amended complaint. 1 claim upon which relief may be granted, or seeks monetary relief from a defendant who is 2 immune from such relief. See 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915A(b)(1), (2). 3 A complaint must contain a short and plain statement that plaintiff is entitled to relief, 4 Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2), and provide “enough facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its 5 face,” Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007). The plausibility standard does not 6 require detailed allegations, but legal conclusions do not suffice. See Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 7 662, 678 (2009). If the allegations “do not permit the court to infer more than the mere 8 possibility of misconduct,” the complaint states no claim. Id. at 679. The complaint need not 9 identify “a precise legal theory.” Kobold v. Good Samaritan Reg’l Med. Ctr., 832 F.3d 1024, 10 1038 (9th Cir. 2016). Instead, what plaintiff must state is a “claim”—a set of “allegations that 11 give rise to an enforceable right to relief.” Nagrampa v. MailCoups, Inc., 469 F.3d 1257, 1264 12 n.2 (9th Cir. 2006) (en banc) (citations omitted). 13 The court must construe a pro se litigant’s complaint liberally. See Haines v. Kerner, 404 14 U.S. 519, 520 (1972) (per curiam). The court may dismiss a pro se litigant’s complaint “if it 15 appears beyond doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim which 16 would entitle him to relief.” Hayes v. Idaho Corr. Ctr., 849 F.3d 1204, 1208 (9th Cir. 2017). 17 However, “‘a liberal interpretation of a civil rights complaint may not supply essential elements 18 of the claim that were not initially pled.’” Bruns v. Nat’l Credit Union Admin., 122 F.3d 1251, 19 1257 (9th Cir. 1997) (quoting Ivey v. Bd. of Regents, 673 F.2d 266, 268 (9th Cir. 1982)). 20 II. Analysis 21 Plaintiff names only the Consumer Attorney Marketing Service (“CAMS”) as a defendant. 22 I have reviewed the complaint and cannot tell what claim, if any, plaintiff is attempting to state 23 against this entity. Most of the complaint is devoted to vaguely-articulated wrongs, only some of 24 which were allegedly perpetrated against plaintiff. Nowhere does the complaint describe how 25 CAMS was involved in or responsible for plaintiff’s misfortunes. Moreover, CAMS is not an 26 appropriate defendant in a section 1983 action because there is no recognizable allegation that it 27 is a state actor. See American Mfrs. Mut. Ins. Co. v. Sullivan, 526 U.S. 40, 49-50 (1999) (“Like 28 the state-action requirement of the Fourteenth Amendment, the under-color-of-state-law element 1 | of § 1983 excludes from its reach merely private conduct, no matter how discriminatory or 2 | wrongful... .”) (internal quotation marks omitted). 3 Plaintiff has been afforded two chances to submit a complaint and has not stated any 4 | cognizable claims. I find that granting him another opportunity to amend would be futile. 5 Accordingly, [RECOMMEND that plaintiff's second amended complaint, ECF No. 28, 6 | be dismissed with prejudice and without leave to amend for failure to state a claim. 7 These recommendations will be submitted to the U.S. district judge presiding over the 8 | case under 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(B) and Local Rule 304. Within fourteen days of the service of 9 | these findings and recommendations, the parties may file written objections with the court and 10 | serve a copy on all parties. That document must be captioned “Objections to Magistrate Judge’s 11 | Findings and Recommendations.” The presiding district judge will then review the findings and 12 | recommendations under 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(C). 13 4 IT IS SO ORDERED. 15 ( 1 Ow — Dated: _ December 2, 2021 Q_—_—. 16 JEREMY D. PETERSON 7 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

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