JS-6

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

CIVIL MINUTES - GENERAL

Case No. CV 20-09747 PA (Ex) Date October 26, 2020 Title Manufacturers Bank v. Amparal S. Gharial, et al.

Present: The Honorable PERCY ANDERSON, UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE G. Garcia Not Reported N/A Deputy Clerk Court Reporter Tape No. Attorneys Present for Plaintiff: Attorneys Present for Defendants: None None Proceedings: IN CHAMBERS - COURT ORDER

Before the the Court is a Notice of Removal filed by Kevin Sandoval (“Sandoval’’) on October 23, 2020. (Dkt. No. 1.) Plaintiff Manufacturers Bank (“Plaintiff”) filed its complaint in Los Angeles County Superior Court alleging a single state-law claim for unlawful detainer. Sandoval, who is appearing pro se, asserts that this Court has subject matter jurisdiction on the basis of federal question jurisdiction. (Id. 5-14.) See 28 U.S.C. § 1331. Federal courts are courts of limited jurisdiction, having subject matter jurisdiction only over matters authorized by the Constitution and Congress. See, e.g., Kokkonen v. Guardian Life Ins. Co. of Am., 511 U.S. 375, 377 (1994). A “strong presumption” against removal jurisdiction exists. Gaus v. Miles, Inc., 980 F.2d 564, 567 (9th Cir. 1992). In seeking removal, the defendant bears the burden of proving that jurisdiction exists. Scott v. Breeland, 792 F.2d 925, 927 (9th Cir. 1986). Under 28 U.S.C. § 1331, this Court has original jurisdiction over civil actions “arising under” federal law. Removal based on § 1331 is governed by the “well-pleaded complaint” rule. Caterpillar, Inc. v. Williams, 482 U.S. 386, 392 (1987). Under the rule, “federal jurisdiction exists only when a federal question is presented on the face of plaintiff's properly pleaded complaint.” Id. at 392. If the complaint does not specify whether a claim is based on federal or state law, it is a claim “arising under’ federal law only if it is “clear” that it raises a federal question. Duncan v. Stuetzle, 76 F.3d 1480, 1485 (9th Cir. 1996). Thus, plaintiff is generally the “master of the claim.” Caterpillar, 482 U.S. at 392. There is no federal question jurisdiction simply because there is a federal defense to the claim. Id. The only exception to this rule is where a plaintiff’s federal claim has been disguised by “artful pleading,” such as where the only claim is a federal one or is a state claim preempted by federal law. Sullivan v. First Affiliated Sec., Inc., 813 F.2d 1368, 1372 (9th Cir. 1987). Here, the underlying Complaint contains a single cause of action for unlawful detainer, which does not arise under federal law. Sandoval alleges that removal is proper because

JS-6

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

CIVIL MINUTES - GENERAL

Case No. CV 20-09747 PA (Ex) Date October 26, 2020 Title Manufacturers Bank v. Amparal S. Gharial, et al. Plaintiff's actions in attempting to evict Sandoval violates the Protecting Tenants at Foreclosure Act (the “PTFA”’) and that Plaintiffs unlawful detainer action is an artfully pleaded action that is in fact for violation of the PTFA. (See Notice of Removal 4 7.) However, the PTFA does not create a private right of action; rather, it provides a defense to state law unlawful detainer actions. See Logan v. U.S. Bank Nat’] Ass’n, 722 F.3d 1163, 1165 (9th Cir. 2013) (affirming dismissal of complaint because the PTFA “does not create a private right of action allowing [plaintiff] to enforce its requirements”). Neither a federal defense nor a federal counterclaim forms a basis for removal. See Caterpillar, 482 U.S. at 392; see also Vaden v. Discover Bank, 556 U.S. 49, 59-62, 129 S. Ct. 1262, 173 L. Ed. 2d 206 (2009) (“Under the longstanding well-pleaded complaint rule, . . . a suit ‘arises under’ federal law ‘only when the plaintiff's statement of his own cause of action shows that it is based upon [federal law].’” (quoting Louisville & Nashville R.R. Co. v. Mottley, 211 U.S. 149, 152 (1908))). Sandoval therefore has failed to invoke this Court’s federal question jurisdiction. For the foregoing reasons, Sandoval has failed to meet his burden to demonstrate that federal subject matter jurisdiction exists over this action. Because the Court lacks subject matter jurisdiction, this action 1s hereby remanded to Los Angeles County Superior Court, Case No. 20VECV000325. See 28 U.S.C. § 1447(c). Sandoval’s Request to Proceed In Forma Pauperis (Dkt. No. 3) is denied as moot.

IT IS SO ORDERED.