U.S. Wholesale Outlet & Distribution, Inc. v. Innovation Ventures, LLC
Opinion
Trial Court Opinion
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 U.S. WHOLESALE OUTLET & Case No.: CV 18-1077 CBM (Ex) DISTRIBUTION, INC. et al, 12 Plaintiffs, ORDER RE: COURT’S FINDINGS OF FACT AND CONCLUSIONS OF vs. LAW 14 LIVING ESSENTIALS, et al, 15 Defendants. 16 17 18 This Order constitutes findings of fact and conclusions of law pursuant to 19 Fed. R. Civ. P. 52(a).
FINDINGS OF FACT
21 1. The seven Plaintiffs are wholesale businesses that sell, among other 22 merchandise, 5-hour ENERGY® in California. (Jury Instructions (ECF No. 498)1 23 (“Inst.”) No. 3, ¶ 1; Amended Pretrial Conference Order (ECF No. 386) (“Am. 24 PTCO”) at ¶ 5.1.) 25 2. Defendants Living Essentials, LLC and Innovation Ventures, LLC are 26 Michigan limited-liability companies with their principal place of business in 27 28 Oakland County, Michigan. (Answer to Second Amended Complaint (ECF No. 39) (“Answer”) ¶ 27.) 3. Living Essentials, LLC is the manufacturer and distributor of 5-hour ENERGY®, and Innovation Ventures, LLC is…