1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 PARMINDER KAUR LITT, Case No. 1:20-cv-00995-HBK 12 Plaintiff, OPINION AND ORDER TO REMAND CASE

TO COMMISSIONER 2

13 v. (Doc. No. 16) 14 KILOLO KIJAKAZI,

COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL

15 SECURITY,1 16 Defendant. 17

18 19 Parminder Kaur Litt (“Plaintiff”) seeks judicial review of a final decision of the 20 Commissioner of Social Security (“Commissioner” or “Defendant”) denying her application for 21 disability insurance benefits under the Social Security Act. (Doc. No. 1). The matter is currently 22 before the Court on the parties’ briefs, which were submitted without oral argument. (Doc. Nos. 23 16-18). For the reasons stated, the Court orders this matter REMANDED for further 24 administrative proceedings. 25

26 1 Kilolo Kijakazi became the Acting Commissioner of Social Security on July 9, 2021. Pursuant to Rule 25(d) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Kilolo Kijakazi is substituted for Andrew M. Saul as the 27 defendant in this suit. 2 Both parties have consented to the jurisdiction of a magistrate judge, in accordance with 28 U.S.C. 28 §636(c)(1). (Doc. No. 10). 1 I. JURISDICTION 2 Plaintiff protectively filed for disability insurance benefits on December 20, 2016, 3 alleging a disability onset date of February 15, 2013. (AR 235-36). Benefits were denied initially 4 (AR 143-48) and upon reconsideration (AR 150-55). A hearing before an administrative law 5 judge (“ALJ”) was held on May 1, 2019. (AR 43-75). Plaintiff testified at the hearing and was 6 represented by counsel. (Id.). The ALJ denied benefits (AR 16-42) and the Appeals Council 7 denied review (AR 5-10). The matter is now before this Court pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). 8 II. BACKGROUND 9 The facts of the case are set forth in the administrative hearing and transcripts, the ALJ’s 10 decision, and the briefs of Plaintiff and Commissioner. Only the most pertinent facts are 11 summarized here. 12 Plaintiff was 47 years old at the time of the hearing. (AR 49). She was born in India and 13 completed two years of college in India. (AR 49-50). Plaintiff lives with her husband, her two 14 adult sons, and her parents. (AR 50). She has work history as a certified nursing assistant. (AR 15 51-52). Plaintiff testified that she stopped working because she hurt her back at work. (AR 53- 16 54). At the time of the hearing she reported that she can stand for ten to fifteen minutes before 17 she needs to sit or lay down; she can walk a maximum of fifty yards every hour; she can sit for 18 fifteen to twenty minutes every hour; and she cannot lift twenty pounds. (AR 59-62). She uses a 19 cane at home but it was not prescribed by a doctor; and she has to lay down to rest in her recliner 20 four or five times a day, for thirty minutes to two hours at a time. (AR 60-61, 66). Plaintiff 21 reported that she experiences depression even when taking medication. (AR 69). 22 III. STANDARD OF REVIEW 23 A district court’s review of a final decision of the Commissioner of Social Security is 24 governed by 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). The scope of review under § 405(g) is limited; the 25 Commissioner’s decision will be disturbed “only if it is not supported by substantial evidence or 26 is based on legal error.” Hill v. Astrue, 698 F.3d 1153, 1158 (9th Cir. 2012). “Substantial 27 evidence” means “relevant evidence that a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a 28 conclusion.” Id. at 1159 (quotation and citation omitted). Stated differently, substantial evidence 1 equates to “more than a mere scintilla[,] but less than a preponderance.” Id. (quotation and 2 citation omitted). In determining whether the standard has been satisfied, a reviewing court must 3 consider the entire record as a whole rather than searching for supporting evidence in isolation. 4 Id. 5 In reviewing a denial of benefits, a district court may not substitute its judgment for that of 6 the Commissioner. “The court will uphold the ALJ's conclusion when the evidence is susceptible 7 to more than one rational interpretation.” Tommasetti v. Astrue, 533 F.3d 1035, 1038 (9th Cir. 8 2008). Further, a district court will not reverse an ALJ’s decision on account of an error that is 9 harmless. Id. An error is harmless where it is “inconsequential to the [ALJ’s] ultimate 10 nondisability determination.” Id. (quotation and citation omitted). The party appealing the ALJ’s 11 decision generally bears the burden of establishing that it was harmed. Shinseki v. Sanders, 556 12 U.S. 396, 409-10 (2009). 13 IV. FIVE-STEP SEQUENTIAL EVALUATION PROCESS 14 A claimant must satisfy two conditions to be considered “disabled” within the meaning of 15 the Social Security Act. First, the claimant must be “unable to engage in any substantial gainful 16 activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be 17 expected to result in death or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period 18 of not less than twelve months.” 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(1)(A). Second, the claimant’s impairment 19 must be “of such severity that he is not only unable to do his previous work[,] but cannot, 20 considering his age, education, and work experience, engage in any other kind of substantial 21 gainful work which exists in the national economy.” 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(2)(A). 22 The Commissioner has established a five-step sequential analysis to determine whether a 23 claimant satisfies the above criteria. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4)(i)-(v). At step one, the 24 Commissioner considers the claimant’s work activity. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4)(i). If the 25 claimant is engaged in “substantial gainful activity,” the Commissioner must find that the 26 claimant is not disabled. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(b). 27 If the claimant is not engaged in substantial gainful activity, the analysis proceeds to step 28 two. At this step, the Commissioner considers the severity of the claimant’s impairment. 20 1 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4)(ii). If the claimant suffers from “any impairment or combination of 2 impairments which significantly limits [his or her] physical or mental ability to do basic work 3 activities,” the analysis proceeds to step three. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(c). If the claimant’s 4 impairment does not satisfy this severity threshold, however, the Commissioner must find that the 5 claimant is not disabled. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(c). 6 At step three, the Commissioner compares the claimant’s impairment to severe 7 impairments recognized by the Commissioner to be so severe as to preclude a person from 8 engaging in substantial gainful activity. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4)(iii). If the impairment is as 9 severe or more severe than one of the enumerated impairments, the Commissioner must find the 10 claimant disabled and award benefits. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(d). 11 If the severity of the claimant’s impairment does not meet or exceed the severity of the 12 enumerated impairments, the Commissioner must pause to assess the claimant’s “residual 13 functional capacity.” Residual functional capacity (RFC), defined generally as the claimant’s 14 ability to perform physical and mental work activities on a sustained basis despite his or her 15 limitations, 20 C.F.R. § 404.1545(a)(1), is relevant to both the fourth and fifth steps of the 16 analysis. 17 At step four, the Commissioner considers whether, in view of the claimant’s RFC, the 18 claimant is capable of performing work that he or she has performed in the past (past relevant 19 work). 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4)(iv). If the claimant is capable of performing past relevant 20 work, the Commissioner must find that the claimant is not disabled. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(f). If 21 the claimant is incapable of performing such work, the analysis proceeds to step five. 22 At step five, the Commissioner considers whether, in view of the claimant’s RFC, the 23 claimant is capable of performing other work in the national economy. 20 C.F.R. § 24 404.1520(a)(4)(v). In making this determination, the Commissioner must also consider 25 vocational factors such as the claimant’s age, education and past work experience. 20 C.F.R. § 26 404.1520(a)(4)(v). If the claimant is capable of adjusting to other work, the Commissioner must 27 find that the claimant is not disabled. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(g)(1). If the claimant is not capable 28 of adjusting to other work, analysis concludes with a finding that the claimant is disabled and is 1 therefore entitled to benefits. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(g)(1). 2 The claimant bears the burden of proof at steps one through four above. Tackett v. Apfel, 3 180 F.3d 1094, 1098 (9th Cir. 1999). If the analysis proceeds to step five, the burden shifts to the 4 Commissioner to establish that (1) the claimant is capable of performing other work; and (2) such 5 work “exists in significant numbers in the national economy.” 20 C.F.R. § 404.1560(c)(2); 6 Beltran v. Astrue, 700 F.3d 386, 389 (9th Cir. 2012). 7 V. ALJ’S FINDINGS 8 At step one, the ALJ found that Plaintiff did not engage in substantial gainful activity 9 during the period from her alleged onset date of February 15, 2013 through her date last insured 10 of September 30, 2018. (AR 21). At step two, the ALJ found that through the date last insured 11 Plaintiff has the following severe impairments: degenerative disc disease of the lumbar spine with 12 radiculopathy involving the left lower extremity and neuropathy of the left lower extremity; 13 degenerative disc disease of the thoracic spine; hypothyroidism (status post partial 14 thyroidectomy); chronic pain syndrome; adjustment disorder with depressed mood; and post- 15 traumatic stress disorder. (AR 21). At step three, the ALJ found that through the date last insured 16 Plaintiff did not have an impairment or combination of impairments that met or medically 17 equaled the severity of a listed impairment. (AR 22). The ALJ then found that through the date 18 last insured Plaintiff had the RFC 19 to lift and/or carry 20 pounds occasionally and 10 pounds frequently. She could sit 6 hours in an 8-hour workday with normal breaks. She 20 could stand and/or walk 6 hours in an 8-hour workday with normal breaks. This capacity most closely approximates light work as 21 defined in 20 CFR 404.1567(b) except she can never climb ladders, ropes or scaffolding. She could occasionally perform all other 22 postural activities, such as climbing ramps and stairs, balancing, stooping, kneeling, crouching, and crawling. The claimant must 23 avoid concentrated exposure to temperature extremes, wetness, humidity, vibration, uneven terrain, and hazards. The claimant can 24 have no more than frequent (2/3 of the workday with each group) face-to-face interaction with the general public, coworkers, and 25 supervisors. The claimant could more than occasionally understand, remember, and/or apply information necessary to perform complex 26 and detailed work tasks, make judgments on complex and detailed work-related job assignments, and cope with the stress normally 27 associated with semi-skilled and skilled employment. 28 (AR 23). At step four, the ALJ found that through the date last insured Plaintiff was unable to 1 perform any past relevant work. (AR 33). At step five, the ALJ found that through the date last 2 insured, considering Plaintiff’s age, education, work experience, and RFC, there were jobs that 3 existed in significant numbers in the national economy that Plaintiff could have performed, 4 including: cleaner, packing line worker, and mail clerk. (AR 34). On that basis, the ALJ 5 concluded that Plaintiff was not under a disability, as defined in the Social Security Act, at any 6 time from February 15, 2013, the alleged onset date, through September 30, 2018, the date last 7 insured. (AR 35). 8 VI. ISSUES 9 Plaintiff seeks judicial review of the Commissioner’s final decision denying her disability 10 insurance benefits under Title II of the Social Security Act. (Doc. No. 1). Plaintiff raises the 11 following issues for this Court’s review: 12 1. Whether the ALJ properly considered Plaintiff’s symptom claims; and 13 2. Whether the ALJ properly weighed the medical opinion evidence and formulated the 14 assessed RFC. 15 (Doc. No. 16 at 4-10). 16 VII. DISCUSSION 17 A. Plaintiff’s Symptom Claims 18 An ALJ engages in a two-step analysis when evaluating a claimant’s testimony regarding 19 subjective pain or symptoms. Lingenfelter v. Astrue, 504 F.3d 1028, 1035-36 (9th Cir. 2007). 20 The ALJ first must determine whether there is “objective medical evidence of an underlying 21 impairment which could reasonably be expected to produce the pain or other symptoms alleged.” 22 Id. (internal quotation marks omitted). “The claimant is not required to show that his impairment 23 could reasonably be expected to cause the severity of the symptom he has alleged; he need only 24 show that it could reasonably have caused some degree of the symptom.” Vasquez v. Astrue, 572 25 F.3d 586, 591 (9th Cir. 2009) (internal quotation marks omitted). 26 Second, “[i]f the claimant meets the first test and there is no evidence of malingering, the 27 ALJ can only reject the claimant’s testimony about the severity of the symptoms if [the ALJ] 28 gives ‘specific, clear and convincing reasons’ for the rejection.” Ghanim v. Colvin, 763 F.3d 1 1154, 1163 (9th Cir. 2014) (internal citations and quotations omitted). “General findings are 2 insufficient; rather, the ALJ must identify what testimony is not credible and what evidence 3 undermines the claimant’s complaints.” Id. (quoting Lester v. Chater, 81 F.3d 821, 834 (9th Cir. 4 1995)); Thomas v. Barnhart, 278 F.3d 947, 958 (9th Cir. 2002) (“[T]he ALJ must make a 5 credibility determination with findings sufficiently specific to permit the court to conclude that 6 the ALJ did not arbitrarily discredit claimant’s testimony.”). “The clear and convincing 7 [evidence] standard is the most demanding required in Social Security cases.” Garrison v. 8 Colvin, 759 F.3d 995, 1015 (9th Cir. 2014) (quoting Moore v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 278 9 F.3d 920, 924 (9th Cir. 2002)). 10 Here, the ALJ found that Plaintiff’s medically determinable impairments could reasonably 11 be expected to cause some of the alleged symptoms; however, Plaintiff’s “statements concerning 12 the intensity, persistence, and limiting effects of these symptoms are not entirely consistent with 13 the medical evidence and other evidence in the record for several reasons explained in [the] 14 decision.” (AR 24). The ALJ then went on to summarize Plaintiff’s treatment records, including 15 objective testing and clinical findings, and generally conclude that these records “confirm the 16 presence of medically determinable impairments that would reasonably impose significant 17 limitations to her ability to perform work-related activities, the extent to which these impairments 18 limit [Plaintiff’s] exertional and nonexertional functions is discussed in the opinion evidence.” 19 (AR 27). Plaintiff argues this conclusory statement is not a clear and convincing reason to reject 20 Plaintiff’s symptom claims. The Court agrees. The Ninth Circuit does “not require ALJs to 21 perform a line-by-line exegesis of the claimant’s testimony, nor do they require ALJs to draft 22 dissertations when denying benefits.” Lambert v. Saul, 980 F.3d 1266, 1277 (9th Cir. 2020). 23 However, “providing a summary of medical evidence … is not the same as providing clear and 24 convincing reasons for finding the claimant’s symptom testimony not credible.” Id. at 1278 25 (citing Brown-Hunter v. Colvin, 806 F.3d 487, 494 (9th Cir. 2015) (emphasis in original). 26 The Court does note that after considering the medical opinion evidence, the ALJ returns 27 to Plaintiff’s symptom claims, and offers the following conclusory findings: 28 Based on my review of the entire record and the hearing testimony, 1 I conclude [Plaintiff’s] subjective allegations of debilitating pain, mental symptoms, and limitation precluding all work activity are not 2 supported by the objective evidence. Her testimony at the hearing was not persuasive or consistent with the objective evidence such as 3 the physical examination findings of tenderness and somewhat decreased range of motion in the bac as documented throughout the 4 record. Her activities of daily living are not consistent with one who suffers such severe limitations as to preclude all work activity. 5 Finally, some of her alleged impairments and symptoms have been responsive to treatment and do not impose a disabling degree of 6 limitation. 7 (AR 32). Defendant contends that these were clear and convincing reasons to reject Plaintiff’s 8 symptom claims; namely, that the ALJ properly “compared” Plaintiff’s symptom claims to the 9 objective medical evidence, responsiveness to treatment, and daily activities. (Doc. No. 17 at 12- 10 14). First, as noted by Defendant, a favorable response to treatment can undermine a claimant’s 11 complaints of debilitating pain or other severe limitations. See Tommasetti, 533 F.3d at 1040; 12 Warre v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 439 F.3d 1001, 1006 (9th Cir. 2006) (Conditions 13 effectively controlled with medication are not disabling for purposes of determining eligibility for 14 benefits). In support of this argument, Defendant cites portions of the ALJ’s summary of the 15 medical evidence that includes periodic reports of improvement due to epidural steroid injection, 16 medication, ice and heat, and a TENS unit. (Doc. No. 17 at 13-14 (citing 25, 676, 723, 762, 939, 17 1485). However, the same summary of the medical record by the ALJ included evidence that 18 Plaintiff continued to experience back and leg pain, physical therapy only gave mild relief, 19 acupuncture was not effective, the epidural gave only 40% relief with back pain and no 20 improvement in leg pain, and she continued to experience pain even when using the TENS unit. 21 (AR 25, 676 (noting acupuncture was not effective), 723, 763, 939 (noting Plaintiff elected to 22 discontinue physical therapy services “prior to attaining the agreed upon goals”), 1483). 23 It is well settled in the Ninth Circuit that “it is error to reject a claimant’s testimony 24 merely because symptoms wax and wane in the course of treatment. Cycles of improvement and 25 debilitating symptoms are a common occurrence, and in such circumstances it is error for an ALJ 26 to pick out a few isolated instances of improvement over a period of months or years and to treat 27 them as a basis for concluding a claimant is capable of working.” Garrison, 795 F.3d at 1017. 28 Moreover, as noted above, “[t]o ensure that our review of the ALJ’s credibility determination is 1 meaningful, and that the claimant’s testimony is not rejected arbitrarily, we require the ALJ to 2 specify which testimony she finds not credible, and then provide clear and convincing reasons, 3 supported by the evidence in the record, to support that credibility determination.” Brown-Hunter 4 v. Colvin, 806 F.3d 487, 494 (9th Cir. 2015) (noting the ALJ did not specifically identify any 5 inconsistencies between the claimant’s testimony and the record; rather, “she simply stated her 6 non-credibility conclusion and then summarized the medical evidence supporting her RFC 7 determination.”). Here, the ALJ merely offers the conclusory statement that “some” of Plaintiff’s 8 “alleged symptoms have been responsive to treatment” without identifying with specificity which 9 symptoms are at issue or how the referenced “improvement” effectively controls that symptom 10 across the relevant adjudicatory period. (See AR 32). For all of these reasons, rejecting 11 Plaintiff’s symptom claims because “some” are “responsive to treatment,” without further 12 explanation or citation to the record, was not a clear and convincing reason, supported by 13 substantial evidence, for the ALJ to reject Plaintiff’s symptom claims. 14 Second, Defendant contends that the ALJ properly “compared Plaintiff’s allegations to her 15 daily activities.” (Doc. No. 17 at 13-14.) The ALJ may consider a claimant’s activities that 16 undermine reported symptoms. Rollins v. Massanari, 261 F.3d 853, 857 (9th Cir. 2001). If a 17 claimant can spend a substantial part of the day engaged in pursuits involving the performance of 18 exertional or non-exertional functions, the ALJ may find these activities inconsistent with the 19 reported disabling symptoms. Fair v. Bowen, 885 F.2d 597, 603 (9th Cir. 1989). “While a 20 claimant need not vegetate in a dark room in order to be eligible for benefits, the ALJ may 21 discount a claimant’s symptom claims when the claimant reports participation in everyday 22 activities indicating capacities that are transferable to a work setting” or when activities 23 “contradict claims of a totally debilitating impairment.” Molina v. Astrue, 674 F.3d 1104, 1112- 24 13 (9th Cir. 2012)(internal citations omitted), superseded on other grounds by 20 C.F.R. § 25 416.920(a). In support of this argument, Defendant noted that “earlier [in the ALJ’s decision] 26 Plaintiff stated she could “prepare simple meals, perform personal care and light household 27 chores, drive, shop, and manage finances; and that Plaintiff’s son wrote in a third-party function 28 report at the same time that Plaintiff took short walks daily, knitted, cooked, cleaned, drive, 1 shopped, managed money, and visited family.” (Doc. No. 17 at 13 (citing 300-02, 310-12)). 2 However, the Court’s review of the same records cited by Defendant also indicate that Plaintiff 3 only prepared simple meals for five minutes at a time, a family member had to go shopping with 4 her, she had no hobbies, and she could only walk ten to fifteen minutes at a time; and Plaintiff’s 5 son indicated that Plaintiff was unable to bend over without pain, unable to sweep or vacuum, 6 needed help with shopping, did not socialize outside the home, and could only walk five to fifteen 7 minutes before she needed to rest. (AR 301-05, 308-15). Plaintiff similarly testified that she has 8 to sit down while she cooks and take breaks, does not do laundry, and does not socialize. (AR 9 64-65). Finally, as above, the ALJ did not identify the specific testimony that she found not to be 10 credible, nor did she offer explanations for why the cited evidence of Plaintiff’s ability to perform 11 basic activities of daily living undermines Plaintiff’s symptom claims, particularly as to her 12 ability to stand, walk, and lift. Holohan, 246 F.3d at 1208 (when considering plaintiff’s symptom 13 claims, the ALJ must specifically identify the statements he finds not to be credible, and the 14 evidence that allegedly undermines those statements); Brown-Hunter, 806 F.3d at 494. For all of 15 these reasons, the ALJ’s conclusory finding that Plaintiff’s daily activities were inconsistent with 16 “one who suffers such severe limitations as to preclude all work activity” was not a clear and 17 convincing reason, supported by substantial evidence, to discount her symptom claims. 18 Third, Defendant notes that the ALJ “compared Plaintiff’s allegations to the objective 19 medical evidence” by “summariz[ing]” records that included “benign” and “normal” examination 20 findings of full range of motion, normal reflexes, normal strength, normal gait, only “some” 21 tenderness, and normal neurological findings. (Doc. No. 17 at 11 (citing 25-26, 676-77, 1272- 22 74)). However, the same “summary” cited by Defendant in support of this argument also 23 includes the ALJ’s citation to a MRI of the lumbar spine indicating disc protrusion “with 24 increased signal consistent with an annular tear”; MRI of the hip “confirming” torn labrum; nerve 25 conduction studies consistent with radiculitis; tenderness and decreased sensation; antalgic gait; 26 positive straight leg testing; diminished reflexes; and limited range of motion. (AR 25-26, 582- 27 83, 679, 705-06, 779, 1057, 1273). Moreover, as noted by Plaintiff, regardless of whether the 28 ALJ erred in finding Plaintiff’s symptom claims were not corroborated by objective evidence, it is 1 well-settled in the Ninth Circuit that an ALJ may not discredit a claimant’s pain testimony and 2 deny benefits solely because the degree of pain alleged is not supported by objective medical 3 evidence. (Doc. No. 16 at 9); Rollins, 261 F.3d at 857 (emphasis added); Bunnell v. Sullivan, 947 4 F.2d 341, 346-47 (9th Cir. 1991); Fair, 885 F.2d at 601. As discussed above, the additional 5 reasons given by the ALJ for discounting Plaintiff’s symptom claims were not supported by 6 substantial evidence. Thus, lack of corroboration by objective evidence cannot stand alone as a 7 basis for rejecting Plaintiff’s symptom claims and the ALJ’s finding is inadequate. 8 The Court concludes that the ALJ did not provide clear and convincing reasons, supported 9 by substantial evidence, for rejecting Plaintiff’s symptom claims. On remand, the ALJ must 10 reconsider Plaintiff’s symptom claims. 11 B. RFC / Medical Opinions 12 Plaintiff argues the assessed RFC is “unsupported by substantial evidence because the 13 ALJ failed to include Dr. [James G.] Fischer’s findings without providing specific or legitimate 14 reasons.” (Doc. No. 16 at 4-8). The RFC assessment is an administrative finding based on all 15 relevant evidence in the record, not just medical evidence. Bayliss v. Barnhart, 427 F.3d 1211, 16 1217 (9th Cir. 2005). In determining the RFC, the ALJ must consider all limitations, severe and 17 non-severe, that are credible and supported by substantial evidence in the record. (Id.) (RFC 18 determination will be affirmed if supported by substantial evidence). 19 Because the analysis of the RFC is dependent on the ALJ’s reevaluation of Plaintiff’s 20 symptom claims, as discussed above, the Court declines to address this challenge in detail here. 21 However, the Court does briefly note that the ALJ gave several reasons for rejecting Dr. Fischer’s 22 2014 opinion in connection with her Worker’s Compensation claim, that Plaintiff was 23 “permanently precluded from lifting, pushing, pulling, or carrying greater than 10 pounds. She is 24 also precluded from repetitive bending, stooping, squatting, and reaching activities.” (AR 690). 25 “Overall, [the ALJ accorded] very little weight to Dr. Fischer’s opinion as it is based on very 26 limited evidence and does not adequately consider other source records or the effects of 27 treatment.” (AR 29). Specifically, the ALJ noted that the opinion was assessed 5 years prior to 28 the ALJ decision, and alleged that Dr. Fischer “did not address the effects of medications, nor any 1 long-term benefits from the epidural steroid injections or acupuncture. He also failed to address 2 in his conclusions the September 2013 note indicated that [Plaintiff] obtained 50 percent back 3 pain reduction.” (AR 28-29). Relevant factors when evaluating a medical opinion include the 4 amount of relevant evidence that supports the opinion, the quality of the explanation provided in 5 the opinion, and the consistency of the medical opinion with the record as a whole. Lingenfelter, 6 504 F.3d at 1042; Orn v. Astrue, 495 F.3d 625, 631 (9th Cir. 2007); 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c)(6) 7 (assessing the extent to which a medical source is “familiar with the other information in [the 8 claimant's] case record”). However, as noted by Plaintiff, Dr. Fischer’s review of treatment 9 records explicitly noted that Plaintiff experienced a 50% reduction in back pain with the epidural 10 steroid injection in September 2013. (Doc. No. 16 at 6-7 (citing AR 684)). Dr. Fischer also 11 reviewed and summarized additional records, not acknowledged by the ALJ, indicating that while 12 Plaintiff did report an improvement in back pain after the injections, she experienced no change 13 in her leg pain; and “physical therapy and acupuncture were not effective.” (AR 682-85). 14 The ALJ additionally concluded, without citation to the record, that “notwithstanding Dr. 15 Fischer’s examination findings, other evaluations do not support his conclusions. Moreover, 16 evidence obtained subsequent to this evaluation does not support the degree of limitation assessed 17 by this examiner.” (AR 29). The consistency of a medical opinion with the record as a whole is a 18 relevant factor in evaluating that medical opinion. Orn, 495 F.3d at 631. However, when 19 considering the medical opinion evidence, the ALJ must do more than state a conclusion; rather, 20 the ALJ must “set forth his own interpretations and explain why they, rather than the doctors’, are 21 correct.” Reddick v. Chater, 157 F.3d 715, 725 (9th Cir. 1998); Brown-Hunter, 806 F.3d at 495 22 (a court “cannot substitute [the court’s] conclusions for the ALJ’s, or speculate as to the grounds 23 for the ALJ’s conclusions. Although the ALJ’s analysis need not be extensive, the ALJ must 24 provide some reasoning in order for [the court] to meaningfully determine whether the ALJ’s 25 conclusions were supported by substantial evidence.”). “This can be done by setting out a 26 detailed and thorough summary of the facts and conflicting clinical evidence, stating his 27 interpretation thereof, and making findings.” Reddick, 157 F.3d at 725. Here, the ALJ fails to 28 state with requisite specificity how the specific limitations assessed by Dr. Fischer are 1 inconsistent with the overall medical record. Particularly in light of the need to reconsider 2 Plaintiff’s symptom claims, as discussed in detail above, the ALJ must reconsider the medical 3 opinion evidence and reassess Plaintiff’s RFC on remand. 4 C. Remedy 5 The decision whether to remand for further proceedings or reverse and award benefits is 6 within the discretion of the district court. McAllister v. Sullivan, 888 F.2d 599, 603 (9th Cir. 7 1989). An immediate award of benefits is appropriate where “no useful purpose would be served 8 by further administrative proceedings, or where the record has been thoroughly developed,” 9 Varney v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., 859 F.2d 1396, 1399 (9th Cir. 1988), or when the 10 delay caused by remand would be “unduly burdensome[.]” Terry v. Sullivan, 903 F.2d 1273, 11 1280 (9th Cir. 1990); see also Garrison, 759 F.3d at 1021 (noting that a district court may abuse 12 its discretion not to remand for benefits when all of these conditions are met). This policy is 13 based on the “need to expedite disability claims.” Varney, 859 F.2d at 1401. But where there are 14 outstanding issues that must be resolved before a determination can be made, and it is not clear 15 from the record that the ALJ would be required to find a claimant disabled if all the evidence 16 were properly evaluated, remand is appropriate. See Benecke v. Barnhart, 379 F.3d 587, 595-96 17 (9th Cir. 2004); Harman v. Apfel, 211 F.3d 1172, 1179-80 (9th Cir. 2000). 18 The Court finds that further administrative proceedings are appropriate. See Treichler v. 19 Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 775 F.3d 1090, 1103-04 (9th Cir. 2014) (remand for benefits is not 20 appropriate when further administrative proceedings would serve a useful purpose). Here, the 21 ALJ improperly considered Plaintiff’s symptom claims, which calls into question whether the 22 assessed RFC, and resulting hypothetical propounded to the vocational expert, are supported by 23 substantial evidence. “Where,” as here, “there is conflicting evidence, and not all essential 24 factual issues have been resolved, a remand for an award of benefits is inappropriate.” Treichler, 25 775 F.3d at 1101. Instead, the Court remands this case for further proceedings. On remand, the 26 ALJ should reevaluate Plaintiff’s symptom claims, as well as all relevant medical opinion 27 evidence. The ALJ should order additional consultative examinations and, if appropriate, take 28 additional testimony from medical experts. The ALJ should conduct a new sequential analysis, 1 | reassess Plaintiff’s RFC and, if necessary, take additional testimony from a vocational expert 2 | which includes all of the limitations credited by the ALJ. 3 Accordingly, it is ORDERED: 4 1. Pursuant to sentence four of 42 U.S.C.§ 405(g), the Court REVERSES the 5 Commissioner’s decision and REMANDS this case back to the Commissioner of 6 Social Security for further proceedings consistent with this Order. 7 2. An application for attorney fees may be filed by separate motion. 8 3. The Clerk shall terminate any motions and deadlines and close this case. 9 | Dated: _ May 14, 2022 Mle fareh Zack 11 HELENA M. BARCH-KUCHTA

UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

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